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Adult Language Assessment > Exam 1 - CN (medical aspects of stroke; site of lesion) > Flashcards

Exam 1 - CN (medical aspects of stroke; site of lesion) Flashcards

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1
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack: traditional definition

A

a brief focal cerebral event in which symptoms develop suddenly; part of the brain has temporarily become ischemic; last 2 minutes to 24 hours

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2
Q

ischemic

A

lack of blood flow/O2

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3
Q

TIA: current definition

A

a transient episode of neurological interruption caused by temporary brain ischemia without acute infarction; duration is no longer specified

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4
Q

reversible ischemic neurological deficit (RIND)

A

stroke that gets completely better in 1-3 weeks

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5
Q

stroke

A

a sudden and severe onset of a prominent and frequently persistent neurological deficit; an illness resulting from damage to the parenchyma of the brain; brain death occurs (infarction)

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6
Q

parenchyma

A

tissue

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7
Q

black spot on CT scan =

A

dead tissue

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8
Q

two types of strokes

A
  1. occlusive (ischemic)
  2. hemorrhagic
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9
Q

2 causes of occlusive strokes

A
  1. thrombotic occlusion of artery
  2. embolic occlusion of artery
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10
Q

85% of strokes

A

occlusive

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11
Q

occlusive =

A

ischemic

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12
Q

ischemic =

A

occlusive

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13
Q

occlusive stroke

A

blockage that causes low blood flow to the brain

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14
Q

thrombosis

A

stationary blockage along an arterial wall (narrows artery)

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15
Q

embolus

A

particle that breaks away/floats around in bloodstream

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16
Q

15% of strokes

A

hemorrhagic

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17
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

rupture of blood vessel anywhere within skull or brain

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18
Q

bleeding from a complex of abnormally formed vessels

A

hemorrhagic stroke

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19
Q

arteriovenous malformation

A

abnormally formed blood vessels

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20
Q

hemorrhagic strokes can occur within 4 different spaces:

A
  1. intracerebral
    (intracranial)
  2. subarachnoid
  3. subdural
  4. epidural space
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21
Q

intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

A

parenchyma of brain
somewhere inside skull

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22
Q

intracranial hemorrhagic stroke

A

subarachnoid space
subdural space
epidural space

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23
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

A

intracranial
between pia and arachnoid mater

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24
Q

subdural hemorrhagic stroke

A

intracranial
between arachnoid and dura mater

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25
epidural hemorrhagic stroke
intracranial between dura mater and skull
26
order of mater outside -> inside
dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater
27
meninges are composed of
dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
28
which artery supplies the brainstem?
basilar artery
29
which artery supplies the cerebellum?
basilar artery
30
main branches of the vertebral arteries (back)
1. basilar artery 2. posterior cerebral arteries
31
which artery supplies the occipital cortex?
posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
32
which artery supplies the thalamus?
PCA
33
which artery supplies the internal capsule?
PCA
34
where does the thalamus sit?
on top of brainstem
35
branches of the internal carotid arteries?
1. anterior cerebral artery (ACA) 2. middle cerebral artery (MCA)
36
which artery supplies the anterior and middle portions of the brain?
ACA
37
which artery supplies the frontal and parietal lobes?
ACA
38
artery of most common stroke?
MCA
39
which artery supplies the lateral surfaces (sides) of the cerebrum?
MCA
40
if anterior lesion,
nonfluent aphasia
41
site of lesion that affects motor (output)
anterior
42
if posterior lesion,
fluent aphasia
43
site of lesion that affects sensory (input)
posterior
44
If lesion in supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and/or arcuate fasciculus, then possibly
conduction aphasia
45
possible sites of lesion for conduction aphasia
supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, &/or arcuate fasciculus
46
if lesion in deep white matter parietal region, then
transcortical sensory aphasia
47
site of lesion for transcortical sensory aphasia,
deep white matter of parietal region
48
if anterior AND posterior lesion, then
global aphasia
49
global aphasia sites
anterior AND posterior lesions
50
if lesion in parietal or frontal regions, then
anomic aphasia
51
anomic aphasia lesion site
parietal or frontal lobes
52
anterior = (motor or sensory)
motor
53
posterior = (motor or sensory)
sensory
54
front region =
anterior
55
back region =
posterior
56
output
anterior
57
input
posterior
58
nonfluent
output/anterior/motor
59
fluent
input/posterior/sensory
60
% of pop that is left brain dominant for language
95%
61
best Tx for stroke
prevention
62
corpus callosum allows
left and right brain to communicate
63
public education about a "brain attack" (stroke)
signs & symptoms FAST (face, arms, speech, time)
64
FDA approved Tx for stroke
1. mechanical thrombectomy or embolectomy devices 2. clot-busting drugs 3. stent
65
experimental Tx for stroke
1. DSPA (bats) 2. nanobubbles 3. transnasal drugs 4. vagus nerve stimulation
66
tPA cannot be given if
a person is already on blood thinners
67
must administer tPA w/in
4.5 hours of onset of symptoms
68
"mohawk" part of brain
ACA

Adult Language Assessment (22 decks)

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