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Adult Language Assessment > Exam 1 - CN (normal aging) > Flashcards

Exam 1 - CN (normal aging) Flashcards

1
Q

age-related changes in body composition

A
  1. decreased body mass
  2. decreased elasticity and flexibility of muscles
  3. decreased total body water
  4. increased fat tissue
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2
Q

sarcopenia

A

decrease in muscle, increase in fat

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3
Q

considerations for changes in body composition

A
  1. effects of medications
  2. changes in diet
    - decrease sodium intake
    - reduce calorie intake
    - increase intake of protein, calcium, and vit D
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4
Q

age-related decrease in kidney function affects

A

medications metabolized by the body

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5
Q

age-related changes in the cardiovascular system

A
  1. heart muscles thicken
  2. valves enlarge and stiffen
  3. muscular contraction force decreases
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6
Q

tachy

A

too fast

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7
Q

myo

A

muscle

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8
Q

infarct

A

dead tissue

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9
Q

considerations for changes in the cardiovascular system

A
  1. elderly person uses O2 less efficiently
    - lowered ability to maintain physical activity for long periods of time
    - safer w/ low intensity exercise
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10
Q

age-related changes in gastrointestinal system

A
  1. decreased contraction of esophageal muscles
  2. diminished secretion of digestive juices
  3. diminished efficiency of small intestine
  4. decreased contraction of colon
  5. decreased mass of liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
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11
Q

The gi system decreased in

A

size, mass, & efficiency

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12
Q

considerations for changes in the GI system

A
  1. diet changes - may need to reduce fat and sugar intake
  2. remain upright during and after meals to aid digestion
  3. avoid eating late in the evening
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13
Q

age-related changes in the endocrine system

A
  1. F experience decreased production of hormones (estrogen & progesterone)
  2. M & F experience decreased productions of hormones (testosterone, thyroid hormones, growth hormones, insulin)
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14
Q

considerations for changes in the endocrine system

A
  1. hormone replacement therapy
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15
Q

age-related changes in respiratory system

A
  1. decreased max capacity
  2. decreased lung elasticity
  3. vital capacity declines
  4. cilia reduced
  5. decreased cough
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16
Q

respiratory physician

A

pulmonologist

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17
Q

considerations for changes in the respiratory system

A
  1. remain active
  2. pace tasks
  3. avoid strenuous activities
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18
Q

age-related changes in the CNS

A
  1. neuron and glial cell loss
  2. decreased brain weight by 10%
  3. accumulation of lipofuscin (fat)
  4. slower neuronal transmission
  5. increased reaction times (takes longer to react)
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19
Q

considerations for changes in the CNS

A
  1. decrease factors which compound neuronal loss (smoking, alcohol, diet, lifestyle)
  2. allow more time for responses
  3. allow more time for decisions
  4. compensate for extra time requirements
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20
Q

age-related changes in the renal & urinary systems

A

Kidneys
1. decrease in volume and weight
2. renal functions decreases by up to 50%
Bladder
1. reduced capacity
2. delayed sensation of needing to empty

21
Q

kidney physician

A

nephrologist

22
Q

considerations for changes in the urinary system

A
  1. higher sensitivity to alcohol, caffeine, and meds
  2. urinary incontinence may lead to dehydration
  3. may avoid social outings for fear of no access to bathrooms
23
Q

age-related sexual changes

A

F:
1. decreased secretions in vagina
2. slower response to sexual stimulation
M:
1. decreased force of ejaculation
2. decreased sperm
3. rapid loss of erection

24
Q

considerations for sexual changes

A
  1. changes do not lead to sexual incapacity or decreased desire
  2. still need privacy to express sexual desires
  3. avoid teasing older adults or accusing them of being inappropriate
25
Q

age-related changes in sleep patterns

A
  1. sleep stages decrease in duration
  2. sleep cycles are fewer and shorter
  3. circadian rhythms change
  4. poor sleep quality
26
Q

considerations for changes in sleep patterns

A
  1. sleep meds may make it worse
  2. encourage elderly person to improve sleep hygiene (dark room, decrease caffeine)
  3. may take naps
27
Q

age-related changes in musculoskeletal and proprioceptive system

A
  1. bone loss
  2. joint stiffness
  3. loss of strength & stamina
  4. decreased ability to orient body in space
28
Q

considerations for changes in musculoskeletal and proprioceptive system

A
  1. take cautious, shuffling steps
  2. seek external spatial cues and supports
  3. need to improve balance and strength with general and aerobic exercise
  4. difficulty climbing stairs
29
Q

age-related changes in the integumentary system

A
  1. hair
  2. skin
  3. nails
30
Q

considerations for changes in the integumentary system

A
  1. rec temp levels:
    - 68 in winter
    - <90 in summer
  2. skin tears and bruises more easily
  3. ear wax accumulates & may cause hearing loss
31
Q

age-related changes in vision

A
  1. blurred vision
  2. decreased visual acuity
  3. decreased contrast sensitivity
  4. poor adaptation to changes in illumination
  5. changes in perception of colors
  6. poor depth perception
32
Q

considerations for changes in vision

A
  1. reduce glare
  2. increase yellow light
  3. increase light levels & designate warning markers in hallways, entrances, stairways
  4. larger print
  5. use reds & yellows; avoid blues
33
Q

age-related changes in hearing

A
  1. presbycusis
    - poor hearing sensitivity/detection
    - poor speech understanding
    - difficulty understanding speech in noise
34
Q

presbycusis

A

age-related hearing loss

35
Q

considerations for changes in hearing

A
  1. reduce competing noises
  2. use sound-absorbing materials when possible
  3. speak slowly clearly and with slightly lower pitch
  4. may feel embarrased
36
Q

age-related changes in the vestibular system

A
  1. loss of sensory cells
  2. response to linear mvmt may deteriorate
  3. poor balance function
37
Q

considerations for changes in the vestibular system

A
  1. sensation of spinning for dizziness
  2. risk of falling
  3. neg psychological effects
  4. use compensatory strategies (holding rails, well- lit areas)
38
Q

age-related changes in the somatosensory system

A
  1. touch - loss of sensitivity
  2. temp - lack of response to extreme temps
  3. pain - decreased ability to discriminate levels of pain
39
Q

considerations for changes in the somatosensory system

A
  1. burns and other injuries may be more serious
  2. manipulation of small objects may take additional time (pills, HA + batteries)
  3. all humans benefit from touch
40
Q

age-related changes in taste and smell

A
  1. taste sensitivity usually decreases after 60
  2. more olfactory receptors degenerate than replaced
41
Q

considerations for changes in taste and smell

A
  1. unable to detect gas leaks, smoke, pleasant scents, bodily odors
  2. changes in social patterns during meals and prep
  3. flavor additives are successful in help adapt (salt substitutions)
42
Q

age-related changes in swallowing

A
  1. decreased cough
  2. increased risk of aspiration
  3. changes in oral-pharyngeal mechanism
43
Q

considerations for changes in swallowing

A
  1. take smaller bites
  2. cut up food well before chewing
  3. eat sitting upright
  4. use alternate seasonings rather than salt
44
Q

age-related changes in cognition

A
  1. attention - neg affected by several factors
  2. intelligence - some effect on fluid IQ
  3. memory - working memory is affected, but storage capacity remains (gets harder to retrieve)
45
Q

fluid IQ

A

innate/biological IQ

46
Q

cognition considerations

A
  1. personalize environment
  2. create a balance in activities
  3. encourage to:
    -reminisce
    - reduce fatigue and stress
    - use lists to aid memory
    - remain mentally active
47
Q

HL is associated with

A

cognitive decline

48
Q

with normal aging, remember to:

A
  1. differentiate normal aging changes from disease
  2. maintain or increase each person’s activities to prevent deterioration
  3. preserve each person’s dignity
  4. observe each person’s privacy
  5. appreciate each person’s ethnicity, culture, and history
49
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

Adult Language Assessment (22 decks)

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