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Systems Path 2 > Exam 1: GI Final > Flashcards

Exam 1: GI Final Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Infectious Enterocolitis

A

Microbial infections causing inflammation and diarrhea

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2
Q

Major global health problem causing large amounts of child and infant deaths

A

Infectious Enterocolitis

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3
Q

Vomiting and rice water diarrhea, which can lead to hypovolemic shock

A

Cholera

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4
Q

Gram - bacteria, comma-shaped

A

Vibrio cholerae

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5
Q

Cholera toxin opens…

A

CFTR

Massive Cl ion secretion

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6
Q

Cholera transmission

A

Fecal oral (contaminated water)

India and Africa

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7
Q

70% cases lethal, MC in 24 hrs

A

Cholera

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8
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea MC due to what organism

A

E. coli

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9
Q

> 3 unformed or loose stools in 24 hrs , usual recover within few days

A

Traveler’s diarrhea

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10
Q

Transmission of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Fecal oral (contaminated water)

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11
Q

Other microbes that can cause traveler’s diarrhea

A 
Shigella
C. Jejuni 
Salmonella 
Entamoeba histolytica
Norwalk virus
Rotavirus
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12
Q

MC bacterial enteric pathogen in US

A

Campylobacter Enterocolitis

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13
Q

Transmission of c. Jejuni

A

Contaminated chicken
Water
Milk

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14
Q

C jejuni enterotoxins may cause ___ and ___

A

Dysentery and fever

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15
Q

Campylobacter enterocolitis may initiate

A

Reactive arthritis or GBS

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16
Q

Acute self-limited colitis

A

Camp. Jejuni
Shigella
E. coli
Salmonella

Last <1 month

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17
Q

If acute self limited colitis caused by camp jejuni…

A

Neutrophils congregate

Crypt abscess

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18
Q

If acute self-limited colitis caused by E. coli

A

Neutrophils congregate

Normal crypt architecture

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19
Q

Salmonella can be found on what animals

A

Snakes
Lizards
Salamanders

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20
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis aka

A

Antibiotic associated colitis

C-diff colitis

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21
Q

C diff enterotoxins cause

A

Inflammation

Necrosis

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22
Q

Risks for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Antibiotics

Old age

Lowered immunity

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23
Q

Pseudomembranes in c diff composed of

A

Cellular debris

WBCs

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24
Q

Half of all gastroenteritis

A

Viral gastroenteritis

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25
Viral gastroenteritis in children 6 months -2 yrs is caused by
Rotavirus
26
Viral gastroenteritis in adults caused by
Norovirus
27
Viral gastroenteritis can affect either __ or ___
Stomach or SI
28
Parasitic disease affects ____ of world’s population
>half
29
Parasitic diseases include what organisms
``` Nematodes Hookworms Pinworms Tapeworms Protozoa ```
30
Giardia lamblia
Flagellated protozoan resistant to cold and chlorine
31
Giardiasis
Aka beaver fever Malabsorptive diarrhea Anorexia Cramps
32
___ alters SI enzymes
Giardia
33
Fecal oral transmission with 1-2 week latency
Giardia
34
Altered bowel habits with no inflammation and no cellular abnormalities
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
35
10-20% population, MC between 20-40 yo and in females
IBS
36
Treatment for IBS
Fiber Low carbs Stress management
37
Abnormal GI immune response that is chronic anal relapsing
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
38
IBD common in
Females Adolescence Caucasians
39
IBC includes what 2 Diseases
Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis (UC)
40
Crohn’s disease
Entire GI tract, MC ileum | Transmural
41
UC
Rectum and distal colon | Mucosa and submucosa
42
Crohn’s disease freq
1 in 500
43
Crohn’s is a risk for
GI adenocarcinoma
44
Signs of crohn’s
``` Melena (50%) Skin reaction, arthritis, eye irritation Skip lesions, granulomas, ulcerations Mild diarrhea Fever Abdominal pain ```
45
Regional inflammation and fissures caused by T cell-mediated reaction
Crohn’s
46
Superficial inflammation and mucosal ulcerations that always begin in rectum
UC
47
Pseudomembranes and no granulomas or skip lesions characteristic of
UC
48
UC freq
1 in 5,000 15-25 yo
49
UC is associated with
Toxic megacolon
50
Stringy stool, grossly bloody and mucous
UC
51
UC is a risk for
Adenocarcinoma
52
IBS is a diagnosis of ___
Exclusion
53
Hamartoma
Mature cell type Minimal risk
54
MC colon polyp
Adenomas
55
Age-related benign tumor, usually around age 40
Colonic adenomas
56
1/2 of US adults over 50 have
Colonic adenomas
57
Regarding adenomas, cancer is rare if ___
<1 cm
58
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Autosomal dominant cancer syndrome APC gene on chromosome 5
59
Teenaged onset of numerous adenomas, colon cancer developing before age 30 describes
Familial adenomatous polyposis
60
Lynch Syndrome
Hereditary cancer syndrome Inherited mutations alter DNA mismatch repair Risk for cancer at younger onset
61
5% of US population develop
Colorectal Ca
62
Types of colon tumors
Adenocarcinomas (MC) Carcinoid tumors
63
MC malignancy of GI tract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma
64
Colorectal adenocarcinoma MC between ages
50-70
65
Risks for colorectal adenocarcinoma
``` Age Males IBD Developed nations Highly processed diet ```
66
Colorectal adenocarcinoma commonly Mets to
Liver Regional lymphatics Lungs Marrow
67
SI ca, half are ___ half are ___
Adenocarcinomas Carcinoid
68
SI ca MC in
Duodenum
69
SI ca is ___
Rare
70
Hirschsprung Disease aka
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
71
Hirschsprung disease
Lack of neurologic ganglia in rectum due to defective neural crest cell migration Results in bowel obstruction due to lack of peristalsis
72
Diagnosis for hirschsprung disease
Failure to pass meconium within 48 hours

Systems Path 2 (11 decks)

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