Exam 1:L10

Question 1

What are the proinflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages?

Answer 1

IL1, IL6,TNF alpha

IL1 stimulates IL6 synthesis….which leads the liver to produce acute phase proteins like CRP, MBL, and fibrinogen

Question 2

Role of IL-6

Answer 2

induces fever, stimulates the liver to release C-Reactive Protein, Mannose Lectin Binding Protein, and fibrinogen (clot formation to prevent the spread of the pathogen)

Question 3

Role of IL-8

Answer 3

chemokines, attracts PMN cells

Question 4

Role of IL-1

Answer 4

induces fever, induces the release of IL-6

Question 5

Role of TNF alpha

Answer 5

induces fever and shock, increases vascular permeability and activates vascular endothelium

Question 6

Role of IL-12

Answer 6

activates NK Cells and induces TH0 cells to become TH1 cells

IFN-gamma released by NK cells acts on macrophages enhancing their microbicidal activity

Question 7

What acute phase proteins are produced by the liver? What induces this production? What activities are they involved in?

Answer 7

-MLB,

Question 8

TLR-3 function

Answer 8

(Viral infection) - binds dsRNA and synthesizes IFN

Question 9

TLR-4 function

Answer 9

(bacterial infection)- binds bacterial LPS that leads to the activation of TF of NFKB… leads to activation of genes that lead to encoding proteins involved in the defense against bacterial infections

Question 10

IFN alpha and beta function

Answer 10

• ## -

Question 11

What mechanisms are recognized by NK cells that stop them from killing self-cells?

Answer 11

• only attacks cells without MHC-1 ( all our cells have it)
  -only attacks cells deficient in inhibitory receptors that recognize MHC-I

Question 12

What are the biological functions of complement?

Answer 12

• opsonization
• inflammation
• pathogen cell lysis

Question 13

Describe complement classical pathway

Question 14

Describe complement Lectin pathway

Question 15

Describe complement Alternative pathway

Question 16

Diseases caused by lack of regulatory proteins

Answer 16

• Age- related macular degeneration
• atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
  -paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 17

Meningioma

Question 18

Age related macular degeneration

Question 19

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 20

atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 21

What are diseases caused by defects in innate immunity?

Answer 21

• Chronic granulomatous disease
• Burn/ chemotherapy causes the loss of barrier integrity leading to bacteria and yeast
• Neutropenia ( yeast, bacteria, and molds)
• Rare specific defects in cytokines/receptors ( susceptibility to particular infections)
• complement deficiencies (meningococcus)
• corticosteroids (Aspergillus, Candida, herpes viruses)