Exam 1: L19

Question 1

What is the exception to benign tumors?

Answer 1

• Hemangioma: benign tumor without a capsule
• leads to recurrence because margins are not defined by capsule

Question 2

What is a pseudocapsule?

Answer 2

• looks like a capsule in radio imaging ad on gross examination
• however, histologically invasion will be evident
• ex. renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Question 3

Define metastasis. What carcinoma does not metastasize?

Answer 3

• spread of tumors that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor
• gliomas( no lymphatics) and basal cell carcinomas( skin)
• can appear to be a shot gun appearance of lung on x ray

Question 4

What are the pathways of spread for tumors? (3)

Answer 4

1) seeding of body cavities and surfaces
2) lymphatics spread
3) hematogenous spread

Question 5

Describe the seeding of body cavities and surfaces for the spread of tumors

Answer 5

• exfoliate from surface and implant/invade tissue in body cavity
• ex. pleural, pericardial, and joint space

Question 6

Describe lymphatic spread

Answer 6

• common for initial spread for carcinomas and sarcomas
• follows natural routes of lymphatic drainage
• sentinel lymph: first lymph node in a regional lymphatic basin that received lymph flow from the primary tumor
• ex. helps in surgical management of breast carcinoma–> if sentinel LN is negative from tumor cells, axillary LN clearance is avoided

Question 7

Describe sentinel LN mapping