Exam 1 lecture 3/4

Question 1

RNA world hypothesis

Answer 1

-RNA molecules acted as both DNA and proteins

Question 2

Origin of eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

-2 free living prokaryotic cells living in another
-Endosymbiotic process

Question 3

Evidence of endosymbiotic process

Answer 3

-Mitochondria and chloroplasts have own DNA and act as free living

Question 4

3 domains of life

Answer 4

Archaea, bacteria, Eucarya

Question 5

Relationship between 3 domains of life

Answer 5

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Single celled eukaryotes
4. Multicellular eukaryotes

-Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related than bacteria

Question 6

Phylogeny

Answer 6

Evolutionary tree

Question 7

How to interpret phylogeny

Answer 7

-Base of the tree: earliest common ancestor
-Organisms that share a recent common ancestor are more closely related
-As branches go on, time go ons

Question 8

Sister taxa

Answer 8

Shares common ancestor most recently

Question 9

Steps to infer phylogeny

Answer 9

1. Gather information
2. Identify shared traits
3. Building the tree
4. Use parsimony

Question 10

Internal nodes

Answer 10

Ancestral things that used to exist

Question 11

Monophyletic group

Answer 11

Group that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 12

Paraphyletic group

Answer 12

Group that includes a common ancestor but not all of its decendents

Question 13

Parsimony

Answer 13

Fewest evolutionary events

Question 14

Convergent evolution

Answer 14

Similarity not due to common ancestory

Question 15

Shared derived characters

Answer 15

Shared but changed from previous states

Question 16

Homology

Answer 16

Similarity due to shared common ancestory

Question 17

Primitive

Answer 17

Ancestral

Question 18

Out group

Answer 18

You know its not similar