Exam 1 lecture 3/4 Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

RNA world hypothesis

A

-RNA molecules acted as both DNA and proteins

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2
Q

Origin of eukaryotic cells

A

-2 free living prokaryotic cells living in another
-Endosymbiotic process

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3
Q

Evidence of endosymbiotic process

A

-Mitochondria and chloroplasts have own DNA and act as free living

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4
Q

3 domains of life

A

Archaea, bacteria, Eucarya

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5
Q

Relationship between 3 domains of life

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Single celled eukaryotes
  4. Multicellular eukaryotes

-Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related than bacteria

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6
Q

Phylogeny

A

Evolutionary tree

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7
Q

How to interpret phylogeny

A

-Base of the tree: earliest common ancestor
-Organisms that share a recent common ancestor are more closely related
-As branches go on, time go ons

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8
Q

Sister taxa

A

Shares common ancestor most recently

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9
Q

Steps to infer phylogeny

A
  1. Gather information
  2. Identify shared traits
  3. Building the tree
  4. Use parsimony
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10
Q

Internal nodes

A

Ancestral things that used to exist

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11
Q

Monophyletic group

A

Group that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants

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12
Q

Paraphyletic group

A

Group that includes a common ancestor but not all of its decendents

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13
Q

Parsimony

A

Fewest evolutionary events

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14
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Similarity not due to common ancestory

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15
Q

Shared derived characters

A

Shared but changed from previous states

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16
Q

Homology

A

Similarity due to shared common ancestory

17
Q

Primitive

18
Q

Out group

A

You know its not similar