Exam 2 lecture 10-12

Question 1

Biological species concept (BSC)

Answer 1

-Reproductive isolation

Question 2

Phylogenetic Species Concept (PSC)

Answer 2

-Identify smallest diagnosable monophyletic group
-More practical

Question 3

Both species concepts

Answer 3

-Agree that there are independent evolutionary units (species evolve independently)
-Evolutionary units lack gene flow (stays distinct)

-Disagree on criteria used to determine when a lack of gene flow has happened (use diff methods to know when species stop mating)

Question 4

Speciation

Answer 4

-Interrupt gene flow (migration)
-Divergence

Question 5

Interrupt gene flow

Answer 5

-Speciation

-Allopatric model: Physical isolation

Sympatric model: Living among each other, mating with prefered values, strong selection

Question 6

Dispersal

Answer 6

-Part of allopatric model

-Small group crossing a barrier/establishing new population
-Crossing water, mountain, etc

Question 7

Vicariance

Answer 7

-Part of allopatric model

-Splitting population in 2
-Natural disaster, contenential drift act

Question 8

Divergence

Answer 8

-Speciation
-Mutation, selection, genetic drift, nonrandom mating

Question 9

Reinforce speciation

Answer 9

-Ignore
-Behavioral isolation
-Temporal isolation (mate at diff times)
-Habitat isolation
-Mechanical isolation (Physically can’t mate)
-Gametic isolation (gamets cant combine)

Question 10

Niche

Answer 10

-Specific role
-How and where an organism fits in
-Each enviromental aspect can define a species

Question 11

Abotic niches

Answer 11

-Temp
-Water
-Sunlight **
-Wind
-Soil

CLIMATE!

Question 12

Biotic niches

Answer 12

-Competition
-Predator/prey
-Symbiosis (all +/- things)

Question 13

Competition exlusion hypothesis

Answer 13

-2 species can’t have the same niche in the same location or they’d be competing for same resources

-Partition of resources (divides resources)

-Character displacement (evolve physical traits to reduce competition)