Exam 4 lecture 24/25.5

Question 1

Blood flow

Answer 1

-Laminar
-Becomes turbulent when compressed

Question 2

Blood pressure

Answer 2

1st sound: Systolic
2nd sounds: Diastolic (sound disappears)

<120/<80

Mechanical system

Question 3

Facilitating venous return

Answer 3

-Skeletal muscle pump: When muscle is contracted, pushes on veins, helping blood flow back. Doesnt affect nerves/arteries

-Changes in intrathoracic pressure during breathing

Question 4

Water movement across capillary wall

Answer 4

-Fenestrations (pores): In wall fo cell making up capillary. Water leaks

-More hydrostatic pressure at arterial end than venous. More leaking at arterial end

-Osmotic pressure high inside capillary. Water drawn back in (low to high)

Question 5

Return of fluid to circulation

Answer 5

-Occurs via lymphatics
-Monitors for pathogens (lymph nodes)
-Leaks about 4L a day, total 5L in body

Question 6

Ventilation

Answer 6

-Breathing in and out
-Movement of air into and out of lung

Question 7

Respiration

Answer 7

-Gas exchange (capillaries)
-External respiration: Breathing circuit (get O2)
-Internal respiration: Systemic circuit (get rid O2)

Question 8

Lungs

Answer 8

-Circulatory system transports gases between lungs and rest of body
-Partial pressure gradients drive gas exchange

Question 9

Blood arriving to lungs

Answer 9

-Low P O2
-High P CO2

-Deoxygenated

Question 10

Air in the lungs (alveoli)

Answer 10

-High P O2
-Low P CO2

-O2 diffuses into and CO2 diffuses out

Question 11

Blood arriving to tissues

Answer 11

-High P O2
-Low P CO2

Question 12

Tissues of body

Answer 12

-Low P O2
-High P CO2

-In alveoli: O2 diffuses out and CO2 in

Question 13

Respiratory pigments

Answer 13

-Increase amount of O2 blood can carry
-Blood must be able to bind and release oxygen

-Anthropods/molluscs use hemocyanin. With copper so blood green
Vertebrates use hemoglobin. With iron so blood red

-1 Hgb carries 4 molecules of O2. 4 chains in 1 Hgb molecule
-P O2 in alveoli = P O2 in pulmonary capillaries

Question 14

Delivery matches need

Answer 14

-More O2 goes to tissues working harder
-Lower P O2 means working harder
-Lower P O2 needs more O2

Question 15

CO2 transport

Answer 15

-Hgb helps transport CO2
-Assist in buffering

CO2 is transported:
1. in blood plasma
2. Bound to Hgb
3. As bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

Question 16

Internal respiration

Answer 16

1. CO2 enters capillaries
2. Converted into HCO3- in the RBC
3. HCO3- is carried in plasma to lungs

Question 17

External respiration

Answer 17

1. At lung, HCO3- renters RBC
2. Separates into H2O and CO2
3. CO2 exists in capillaries
4. Removed by lungs