Exam #1: Lipids Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the roles of fatty acids?
- Texture, aroma, and flavor for food
- Structural building blocks (molecules) of cellular membranes and are the starting materials for other molecules
- Fat-soluble vitamin absorption
- Insulation, cushioning, and lubrication
- Provide energy
*Note that fat is also essential for development
How much energy comes from fat vs. carbohydrates?
Fat= 9 Cal Carb= 4 Cal
What type of fat in the body is used for energy?
Triglycerides
Describe the structure of a triglyceride.
Glycerol backbone + 3x fatty acids
Describe the structure of a phospholipid.
Glycerol backbone + 2x fatty acids + 1x phosphate group
What is a sterol?
Cholesterol/ ring structure based fat
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated?
Saturated= no double bonds, all hydrogen
Unsaturated= some double bonding
What are the major dietary sources of saturated fat? What are the health consequences of consuming this kind of fat?
Meat, dairy, coconut palm, cocoa butter
- Increased risk of:
- CVD
- Hyperlipidemia
What are the major dietary sources of monounsaturated fat? What are the health consequences of consuming this kind of fat?
Olive oil, avocado, canola oil
- May:
- Decrease LDL
- Cardioprotective
What are the major dietary sources of polyunsaturated fat (omega-6)? What are the health consequences of consuming this kind of fat?
Corn, soy, sunflower, safflower
- Essential fatty acid
- Increases some inflammatory cytokines
What are the major dietary sources of polyunsaturated fat (omega-3)? What are the health consequences of consuming this kind of fat?
Oily ocean fish, flax seed oil, canola & soy oils
- **Essential
- Decreased TGs
- Cardioprotective
- Brain health
What are the major dietary sources of trans fat? What are the health consequences of consuming this kind of fat?
Frying and baking oils, margarine
- *****Worst for health:
- Increased LDL
- Decreased HDL
- Increased inflammatory cytokines
What enzyme is essential for the digestion of fat?
Lipase (lingual, gastric, & pancreatic)
What is the function of bile?
Pancreatic lipase rxn is highly reversible- bile keeps fat broken down
Review the process of fat absorption.
N/A
What are the consequences of lipid malabsorption?
Lipid soluble vitamin malabsorption
What is the treatment for lipid malabsorption? Why?
Medium chain fatty (8-12) acids b/c they do not require micelles or bile salts for absorption
Review the process of fat circulation in the body.
N/A
What is chyluria?
Abnormal connection between urinary tract and lymphatic drainage system
*Milky urine
What is a chylothorax?
Abnormal connection between pleural space and lymphatic drainage of small intestine
*Milky pleural effusion
What are the products of B-oxidation? Where are these products entering the TCA cycle?
Even FA= acetyl-CoA
Odd= acetyl CoA & propionyl-CoA
- Succinyl-CoA
How much total dietary fat is recommended per day?
~30g
What is the ideal ratio for omega 6 & 3 consumption?
1:1 or 1:5
*****Note that we obtain much more omega-6 in our diet than omega-3; thus, omega-3 needs to be supplemented
Aside from CAD, what diseases can be beneficially impacted by omega-3 supplementation?
Autoimmune
- Psoriasis
- RA
- Asthma
- MS
- DM-I
Depression
Dementia
