Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Preventative Med. & Nutrition > Exam #1: Minerals I > Flashcards

Exam #1: Minerals I Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mineral?

A

Elements found on the periodic table that are not broken down by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between a macromineral and a micromineral?

A

Requirements

Macro= >100 mg/day
Micro=

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the macrominerals.

A 
Ca++ 
Phosphorus 
K+ 
Sulfur
Na+ 
Cl- 
Mg++
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is unique about Ca++ & phosphorus?

A

Higher requirement for pediatric population b/c of role in bone growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the major functions of the macrominerals?

A
  • Cellular activity
  • Osmotic properties of body fluids
  • Bones & teeth
  • Cofactors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the DRI for water in the US for males and females?

A 
Male= 3.7 L/day
Female= 2.7 L/day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much of a decrease in body water can be life threatening?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the distribution of water in the body compartments.

A 
60%= intracellular 
40%= extracellular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the relationship between water and muscle/ fat?

A
  • Increased w/ lean muscle mass

- Decreased w/ fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the major cation of the ECF?

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the major functions of Na+?

A
  • Regulation of fluid movement

- Active reabsorption results in passive reabsorption of many other substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the major cation of the ICF?

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is Cl- found in the body?

A

Primary ECF anion (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the TUL for Na+? How does this compare to the typical intake?

A

2.3g

*****Typically we see a daily minimum of 2.3g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does K+ intake compare to Na+?

A

K+ is much lower b/c of a lack of fruits and vegetables in the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the effect of low K+ intake in our diet?

A
  • Increased BP
  • Increased salt sensitivity
  • Increased bone turnover
  • Increased risk of kidney stones
17
Q

How does a high Na+ & low K+ diet lead to HTN?

A
  • Hyperactive SNS
  • Subtle renal injury
  • Decreased Na+ excretion
  • Increased BP
18
Q

What are the major function of Ca++ in the body?

A
  • Bone health
  • Muscle contraction
  • Clotting
  • Nerve conduction
  • Enzyme regulation
  • Membrane permeability
19
Q

How do Ca++ requirements change throughout life?

A
  • High as children
  • Relatively low in middle age
  • Increased in elderly population
20
Q

How does Na+ intake alter Ca++ balance?

A

Increases excretion of Ca++

21
Q

How does protein intake alter Ca++ balance?

A

Increases excretion of Ca++

**Protein makes blood more acidic, excrete Ca++ to balance

22
Q

How does caffeine intake alter Ca++ balance?

A

Increases excretion

23
Q

How does alcohol intake alter Ca++ balance?

A

Decreases absorption

24
Q

How do fruits and vegetables alter Ca++ balance?

A

Reduce excretion

25
Q

What is the role of Ca++ supplementation in preventing hip fracture?

A

Supplementation with 750mg has been shown to be beneficial/ prevented fracture

26
Q

What are the major function of phosphorus?

A
  • Major anion in cells
  • ATP production
  • Acid-base balance
27
Q

What two hormones stimulate phosphorus absorption?

A

PTH

Vitamin D

28
Q

What is the effect of phytic acid (grains) on phosphorus?

A

Decreased bioavaliability

29
Q

What macrominerals can impair phosphorus absorption?

A

Mg++
Aluminum
Ca++

30
Q

What populations are at risk for phosphorus deficiency?

A
  • Premature infants
  • Ca++ supplements/ antacids
  • Malabsorptive disorders
  • Alcoholism
  • Uncontrolled DM
  • Burns
  • Refeeding syndrome
31
Q

What are the major functions of Mg++?

A

1) Bone mineralization
2) Cell membrane?
3) Cofactor for many enzymes

32
Q

What is the effect of phytate and fiber on Mg++?

A

Impaired absorption

33
Q

What do unabsorbed fatty acids to do Mg++?

A

Bind to form soaps that are excreted in feces

34
Q

What is the effect of Vitamin D & lactose on Mg++?

A

Increased absorption

Preventative Med. & Nutrition (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions