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Biomechanics II > Exam 1 - SI joint and axial skeleton muscle and joint interactions > Flashcards

Exam 1 - SI joint and axial skeleton muscle and joint interactions Flashcards

1
Q

describe the sacroiliac joint

A

junction between auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the ilium

tight fitting for stability

shock absorber with heel contact

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2
Q

what is keystone of the pelvic ring

A

sacrum

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3
Q

what motions increases risk of LBP due to the SI joint

A

falling
stepping in a hole
childbirth
repetitive unilateral torsions
postural abnormalities

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4
Q

describe the anterior sacroiliac ligament

A

thickening of the capsule

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5
Q

describe the iliolumbar ligament

A

stabilizer of lumbosacral joint and SIJ

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6
Q

describe the interosseous ligament

A

fills the gap
strong like a syndesmosis at tib/fib

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7
Q

describe the sacrotuberous ligament

A

blends with biceps femoris
runs from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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8
Q

describe the sacrospinous ligament

A

runs from the sacrum to ischial spine

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9
Q

where can SIJ pain be located in the body

A

ipsilateral lower lumbar region
medial buttock
PSIS
along short and long SIJ ligaments

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10
Q

describe the thoracolumbar fascia

A

important role in mechanical stability of low back and SIJ

attaches to PSIS

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11
Q

where is the throacolumbar fascia the most extensive

A

in the lower back

anterior, middle, posterior layers of the thoracolumbar fascia surround various muscle groups

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12
Q

describe the cartilage and the joint surface of the SIJ on the sacrum side

A

ear-shaped or L-shaped
vertical short and more horizontal long arm

sacral articular cartilage is normally white and smooth (hyaline)

irregular ridges and depressions are matched with shapes of the illium that allow the sacrum and ilium to interlock

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13
Q

how is the articular surface of the sacrum twisted

A

above downwards
like a propeller

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14
Q

describe the cartilage on the SIJ on the ilia side

A

cartilage is mainly fibrocartilage 1-2 mm thickness

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15
Q

describe the sacroiliac joint and the joint capsule

A

synovial joint

joint capsule is 2 layers
- external fibroblasts and collagen fibers
- inner synovial layers

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16
Q

how does the sacroiliac joint change with aging

A

surface changes from flat in young age to ridges/grooves throughout puberty

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17
Q

what is the purpose of the ridges/grooves of the SIJ

A

develops through puberty
enhances stability

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18
Q

describe the osteo- and arthrokinematics of the iliac crests on the sacrum

A

iliac crest move on the sacrum

innominate motion

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19
Q

t/f
movement at the SI joint does not affect movement at the pubic symphysis

A

false
movement at the SI joint does affect movement at the pubic symphysis

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20
Q

describe the osteo- and arthrokinematics of the sacrum on the iliac crest

A

sacrum moves on innominates

sacroiliac motion

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21
Q

describe the osteo- and arthrokinematics of the sacrum on the iliac crest

A

sacrum moves on innominate

sacroiliac motion

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22
Q

what are the investigation methods of the SIJ biomechanics

A

manipulation during surgery/cadaver

radiographic

imaging after insertion of tantalum balls into innominate and sacrum

inclinometers

computerized analysis

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23
Q

what are the NWB motions occurring within the pelvis at the SIJ innominates

A

10-12 degrees innominate posterior rotation coupled with 6 mm anterior translation

2 degree innominate anterior rotation coupled with 8mm anterior translation

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24
Q

what are the WB motion occurring within the pelvis at the SIJ innominates

A

2.5 degree innominate rotation and 0.5-1.6 mm translation

25
Q

t/f
motion at the SIJ occurs during movements of the trunk and extremities

A

true

26
Q

what side of the sacrum dictates the motion

A

anterior side

27
Q

t/f
movement of the SIJ does not continue throughout life

A

false
movement of the SIJ continues throughout life

28
Q

what are the 3 planes of motion of the sacrum in the SIJ

A

flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation

29
Q

how many degrees of rotation and translation occurs a the sacrum in the SIJ

A

1-4 degrees of rotaion
1-2 mm tralslation

30
Q

what position is closed packed position of the sacrum in the SIJ

A

nutation - standing when loaded

31
Q

what position is open packed position of the sacrum in the SIJ

A

when supine - unloaded
sacrum tents to return to counternutation or less stable

32
Q

what is the anterior/forward motion or nutation

A

flexion of the sacrum

33
Q

what is posterior/backward motion or counternutation

A

extension of the sacrum

34
Q

what does nutation mean

A

nodding

35
Q

bilateral motion of sacrum occurs with what motion of the trunk

A

forward/backward bending of the trunk

36
Q

unilateral motion of the sacrum occurs with what motion

A

flexion/extension of the lower extremities

37
Q

describe sacral nutation relative to the innominate

A

forward motion of the sacral promontory into the pelvis
coronal axis
anteriorly and inferiorly

38
Q

the sacrum glides __ does the short arm and ___ along the long arm

A

the sacrum glides inferiorly on the short arm and posteriorly along the long arm

39
Q

what resists motion of the sacrum during nutation

A

wedge shape of sacrum
ridges/depressions in point surface
interosseous and sacrotuberous ligaments

40
Q

describe sacral counternutation relative to the innominates

A

sacral base moves posteriorly and superiorly
glides anteriorly along long arm and superiorly up short arm

41
Q

t/f
coutnernutation of the sacrum is considered to be more stable than nutation

A

false
counternutation of the sacrum is considered to be less stable than mutation because sacrotuberous and interosseous ligaments are lax

42
Q

what limits motion during counternutation of the sacrum

A

long dorsal ligament

43
Q

during a forward bend, the sacrum (nutates/counternutates)

A

counternutates

44
Q

during extension, the sacrum (nutates/counternutates)

A

nutates

45
Q

during anterior rotation on of the pelvis/innominate, what is the glide at the SIJ

A

inferoposterior glide

46
Q

during posterior rotation of the pelvise/innominate, what is the glide at the SIJ

A

anterosuperior glide

47
Q

during walking/gait cycle motion sacral (is/is not) the same as forward/backward bending

A

is not

48
Q

what happens during unilateral motion of the sacrum

A

one side nutates with side bend
induces mutation

49
Q

what occurs during sacral torsion

A

coupled motion of rotation and lateral flexion

50
Q

what is the middle axis of the sacrum

A

nutation (flexion) and counternutation (extension)
postural
S2

51
Q

What is the vertical axis

A

Unilateral rotation

52
Q

What are the physiological motions

A

Anterior motion fixation/nutation

L on L
R on R

53
Q

What are non-physiological motions

A

Posterior motion fixation/counternutation

L on R
R on L

54
Q

Describe the R on R or physiological motions

A

L sacral anterior nutation/rotation R

Occurs around R oblique axis

55
Q

Describe how the sacrum moves during the normal walking cycle

A

Sacrum moves with left torsion on the left oblique axis
Return to neutral
Rotate right torsion n the right oblique axis
Return to neutral

56
Q

T/f
Posterior nutation movement does not appear past neutral in the normal walking cycle

A

True

57
Q

Physiologic or non?
- Same side axi as + forward sit
- sphinx sacral sulcus gets more even when in extension
- negative spring on L5

A

Physiologic

58
Q

Physiological or non?
- other side axis as + forwar sit
- sphinx sacral sulcus will get less even when in extension
- + spring on L5

A

Non-physiologic

Biomechanics II (7 decks)

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