Exam 2 - 2nd Semester

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why Diabetic Ketoacidosis is not usually associated with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?

A. Because glucose levels in Type-2 DM usually do not drop low enough to increase lipid breakdown
B. Because insulin levels in Type-2 DM are usually high enough to inhibit lipid breakdown
C. Because Glucagon levels in Type-2 DM are usually not high enough to allow lipid breakdown
D. all of the above

Answer 1

B. Because insulin levels in Type-2 DM are usually high enough to inhibit lipid breakdown

Question 2

Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication of an absolute insulin deficiency. The severity of ketoacidosis is increased by:

A.Elevated glucagon
B.Trauma
C.Infection
D.All of the above

Answer 2

D.All of the above

Question 3

Early signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

A.Include confusion and a change in mental status
B.Are caused by stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
C.Include tachycardia and the sensation of feeling “shaky”
D.become more intense over time the more frequently a person experiences episodes hypoglycemia.

Answer 3

C.Include tachycardia and the sensation of feeling “shaky”

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a possible chronic complication Diabetes Mellitus?

A.Renal Failure
B.Blindness
C.Lower limb amputations
D.All of the above

Answer 4

D.All of the above

Question 5

A patient with a history of type 2 diabetes visits her primary care provider complaining of frequent episodes of dizziness when she sits up from bed or stands up after sitting for some time. She also described an episode of syncope (fainting) when she got up out of bed use the toilet 2 nights ago. What is this patient likely suffering from?

A.Diabetic nephropathy
B.Diabetic retinopathy
C.Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
D.Diabetis sensory neuropathy

Answer 5

C.Diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Question 6

The defecation reflex is triggered by which of the following events?

A. Distension of the rectum
B. Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
C. Relaxation of the external anal sphincter
D. Distension of the descending colon

Answer 6

A.Distension of the rectum

Question 7

Water is absorbed via ____________ in the large intestine.

A.Active transport
B.Facilitated diffusion
C.Osmosis
D.All of the above

Answer 7

C.Osmosis

Question 8

The most common form of peptic ulcers are:

A.Gastric ulcers
B.Doudenal Ulcers
C.Lower esophageal Ulcers
D.None of the above

Answer 8

B.Doudenal Ulcers

Question 9

Signs of a bile salt deficiency include:

A.weight loss and steatorrhea
B.weight gain and irritability
C.clay colored stool and fat soluble vitamin deficiency
D.frequent infections and poor wound healing

Answer 9

C.clay colored stool and fat soluble vitamin deficiency

Question 10

Patients with pancreatic insufficiency will have the greatest difficulty digesting:

A.Carbohydrates
B.Protein
C.Fats

Answer 10

C. Fats

Question 11

The vast majority of peptic ulcer cases involve which of the following risk factors?

A.Smoking
B.Habitual alcohol use
C.psychological stress
D.H. Pylori infection

Answer 11

D.H. Pylori infection

Question 12

Signs of pancreatic insufficiency include:

A.weight gain and irritability
B.weight loss and steatorrhea
C.frequent infections and poor wound healing
D.none of the above

Answer 12

B.weight loss and steatorrhea

Question 13

Stress ulcers are caused by:

A.High psychological stress
B.An excess number of parietal cells and hypermotility of the stomach
C.Reduced GI perfusion associated with a stress response
D.Excess gastric acid secretion caused by anti-cholinergic drugs

Answer 13

C.Reduced GI perfusion associated with a stress response

Question 14

How soon after eating will pain return in someone with a gastric ulcer?

A.immediately
B.after approximately 30 minutes
C.after approximately 1 hour
D.after approximately 2 hours

Answer 14

B.after approximately 30 minutes

Question 15

Habitual use of which of the following drugs can increase the risk of peptic ulcers?

A.Acetaminophen
B.Ibuprofen
C.Histamine Blockers
D.Opioids

Answer 15

B.Ibuprofen

Question 16

How soon after eating will pain relief occur in someone with a gastric ulcer?

A.immediately
B.after approximately 30 minutes
C.after approximately 1 hour
D.after approximately 2 hours

Answer 16

A.immediately

Question 17

Chronic conditions such as Emphysema and Rheumatoid arthritis are associated with an increased risk for peptic ulcers due to:

A.Chronic inflammation associated with these diseases
B.Habitual opioid use associated with these diseases
C.The use of broad spectrum antibiotics to treat these diseases
D.All of the above

Answer 17

A.Chronic inflammation associated with these diseases