exam 2 Flashcards
Viruses have all the following except A. definite shape. B. metabolism. C. genes. D. ability to infect host cells. E. ultramicroscopic size.
B. metabolism.
Host cells of viruses include A. human and other animals. B. plants and fungi. C. bacteria. D. protozoa and algae. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
The core of every virus particle always contains A. DNA. B. capsomers. C. enzymes. D. DNA and RNA. E. either DNA or RNA.
E. either DNA or RNA
Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except A. type of nucleic acid. B. type of capsid. C. presence of an envelope. D. biochemical reactions. E. nucleic acid strand number.
D. biochemical reactions.
Which of the following represents a virus family name? A. Herpes simplex virus B. Herpesviridae C. Picornavirus D. Enterovirus E. Hepatitis B virus
B. Herpesviridae
Virus capsids are made from subunits called A. envelopes. B. spikes. C. capsomeres. D. prophages. E. peplomers.
capsomeres
Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus A. spike. B. capsomere. C. envelope. D. capsid. E. core.
capsid
Which of the following is correct about viruses?
A. cannot be seen with a light microscope
B. are procaryotic
C. contain 70S ribosomes
D. undergo binary fission
E. can be grown on nutrient agar
A. cannot be seen with a light microscope
All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except they
A. are gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane.
B. are gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane.
C. contain special virus proteins.
D. help the virus particle attach to host cells.
E. are located between the capsid and nucleic acid.
E. are located between the capsid and nucleic acid.
T-even phages A. include the poxviruses. B. infect Escherichia coli cells. C. enter host cells by engulfment. D. have helical capsids. E. All of the choices are correct.
B. infect Escherichia coli cells.
Which of the following is not associated with every virus? A. envelope B. capsomers C. capsid D. nucleic acid E. genome
envelope
These structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors. A. sheath B. tail fibers C. nucleic acid D. capsid head E. None of the choices are correct.
B. tail fibers
Which is incorrect about prophages?
A. present when the virus is in lysogeny
B. formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome
C. replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny
D. cause lysis of host cells
E. occur when temperate phages enter host cells
D. cause lysis of host cells
The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is
A. penetration, replication, maturation, adsorption, assembly, release.
B. replication, penetration, maturation, assembly, absorption, release.
C. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release.
D. assembly, maturation, replication, release, penetration, adsorption.
E. adsorption, release, maturation, replication, assembly, penetration.
C. adsorption [attachment] , penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release.
The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is
A. adsorption to the host cells.
B. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell.
C. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins.
D. assembly of nucleocapsids.
E. replication of viral nucleic acid.
B. injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell.
Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during A. replication. B. assembly. C. adsorption. D. release. E. penetration.
D. release
Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? A. live lab animals B. embryonated bird eggs C. primary cell cultures D. continuous cell cultures E. blood agar
E. blood agar
In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's \_\_\_\_\_, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's \_\_\_\_\_. A. nucleus, cytoplasm B. cytoplasm, cell membrane C. cell membrane, cytoplasm D. cytoplasm, nucleus E. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
A. nucleus, cytoplasm
Host range is limited by A. type of nucleic acid in the virus. B. age of the host cell. C. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane. D. size of the host cell. E. All of the choices are correct.
C. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane.
The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope is called A. lysogeny. B. budding. C. plaques. D. cytopathic effects. E. pocks.
D. cytopathic effects.
Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called A. lysogeny. B. budding. C. plaques. D. cytopathic effects. E. pocks.
C. plaques.
Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called A. lysogeny. B. budding. C. plaques. D. cytopathic effects. E. pocks.
E. pocks.
Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called A. latent B. oncogenic. C. prions. D. viroids. E. delta agents.
latent
Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect? A. inclusions in the nucleus B. multinucleated giant cells C. inclusions in the cytoplasm D. cells round up E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct
Uncoating of viral nucleic acid
A. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication.
B. involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid.
C. occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle.
D. occurs before replication.
E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Infectious protein particles are called A. viroids. B. phages. C. prions. D. oncogenic viruses. E. spikes.
prions
Infectious naked strands of RNA are called A. viroids. B. phages. C. prions. D. oncogenic viruses. E. spikes.
viroids
Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is A. caused by a chronic latent virus. B. initiated by an oncogenic virus. C. caused by a viroid. D. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans. E. also called "mad cow disease".
D. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans.
Satellite viruses are
A. also called viroids.
B. dependent on other viruses for replication.
C. the cause of spongiform encephalopathies.
D. significant pathogens of plants.
E. All of the choices are correct.
B. dependent on other viruses for replication.
All of the following is correct about treating viral diseases except
A. viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria.
B. many antiviral drugs block viral replication.
C. many antiviral drugs cause severe side effects.
D. interferons show potential for treating and preventing viral infections.
E. All of the choices are correct.
A. viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria.
The capsomers are made of A. DNA. B. RNA. C. lipids. D. protein. E. carbohydrate.
carbohydrate/ idk proteins
Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered A. simple viruses. B. complex viruses. C. naked viruses. D. viroids. E. incomplete viruses.
C. naked viruses.
The nucleocapsid consists of
A. the capsomers assembled into the capsid.
B. the nucleic acid of the virus only.
C. the nucleic acid along with the capsid.
D. the envelope and capsid.
E. the envelope, nucleic acid, and capsid.
C. the nucleic acid along with the capsid.
Which of the following parts of a virus is not always present?
A. envelope
B. nucleic
acid
C. capsid
D. capsomers
E. None of the choices are optional parts of a virus.
envelope
Which of the following viruses did D. Ivanovski and M. Beijerinck work with? A. rabies B. smallpox C. tobacco mosaic virus D. herpes E. Epstein-Barr virus
C. tobacco mosaic virus
When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means
A. the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent.
B. the virus is bursting through the host cell membrane.
C. the virus is starting biosynthesis of its nucleic acid.
D. the virus will remain in circulation and not continue infecting its host.
E. the number of viruses in the host is decreasing as the immune system becomes effective.
A. the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent.
How do enveloped animal viruses exit their host? A. Budding or exocytosis B. Bursting the host cell C. Rupturing the virus D. Endocytosis E. None of these are correct
A. Budding or exocytosis
Viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm.
FALSE– nanometers
Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid.
FALSE
Which of the following refers to the term metabolism?
A. all the reactions in a cell or organism
B. all the reactions in a cell that break down molecules only
C. all the reactions in a cell that build new molecules only
D. all the reactions in a cell that decompose molecules only
A. all the reactions in a cell or organism
Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction? A. absorbs energy from the environment B. is coupled with another reaction C. is involved in biosynthesis D. releases energy into the environment
A. absorbs energy from the environment
Chemotrophs obtain their energy from which of the following?
A. inorganic chemical reactions only
B. light energy
C. organic chemical reactions only
D. organic and inorganic chemical reactions
D. organic and inorganic chemical reactions
Which of the following describes a molecule that had an electron removed/ lost? A. anabolized B. electronated C. oxidized D. reduced
C. oxidized
7. Which of the following are inorganic molecules, are elements (Mg, Fe, Ca) that bind to enzymes? A. apoenzymes B. coenzymes C. cofactors D. holoenzymes
C. cofactors