Exam 2 – Cardio Ch 15

Question 1

What happens if you put more pressure into an artery?

Answer 1

The blood pressure will go up

Question 2

Why can a vein blow up more than an artery?

Answer 2

It is thin walled

Question 3

What is vascular distensibility?

Answer 3

The fractional increase in volume for each mmHg rise in pressure

Question 4

How do you calculate vascular distensibility?

Answer 4

Increase in volume / (increase in pressure x original volume)

Question 5

Which is more distensible, veins or arteries? By how much

Answer 5

Veins

8 times more than arteries

Question 6

What is vascular capacitance?

Answer 6

The total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation for each mmHg

Question 7

What does capacitance equal?

Answer 7

Distensibility x volume

Question 8

Which has a large capacitance, veins or arteries? By how much?

Answer 8

Veins

24 times bigger than arteries

Question 9

How do you calculate vascular compliance?

Answer 9

Increase in volume / increase in pressure

Question 10

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 10

The height of the pressure pulse (120 mmHg)

Question 11

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 11

The lowest point of the pressure pulse (80 mmHg)

Question 12

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 12

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure (40 mmHg)

Question 13

What factors dampen pulse pressures in the peripheral arteries?

Answer 13

Intensity of pulsations

Degree of damping

Question 14

What happens to the intensity of pulsations in the smaller arteries?

Answer 14

It becomes progressively less

Question 15

What is the degree of damping proportional to?

Answer 15

The resistance of small vessels and arterioles an the compliance of the larger vessels

Question 16

What are factors that effect mean pressure?

Answer 16

Cardiac output

Peripheral resistance

Question 17

What are factors that effect pulse pressure?

Answer 17

Stroke volume

Arterial compliance

Question 18

What does total peripheral resistance come from?

Answer 18

Metarteriole

Question 19

What is stroke volume?

Answer 19

How much blood comes out with each stroke

Question 20

Compared to younger people, what do older people with arterial compliance have?

Answer 20

A higher push pressure

Question 21

What does an increase in stroke volume cause for pulse pressure?

Answer 21

An increase in pulse pressure

Question 22

What does a decrease in arterial compliance cause for pulse pressure?

Answer 22

An increase in pulse pressure

Question 23

What does a given change in volume within the arterial tree result in?

Answer 23

Larger increases in pressure than in veins

Question 24

What happens when veins are constricted?

Answer 24

Large quantities of blood are transferred to the heart thereby increasing cardiac output

Question 25

What happens to blood pressure when there is more blood on the artery side than the venous side?

Answer 25

It increases

Question 26

What is the ausculatory method?

Answer 26

The most commonly used method for measuring systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 27

What are korotkoff sounds?

Answer 27

Sounds of blood flow (systolic pressure)

Question 28

What are ways to measure systolic and diastolic pressures?

Answer 28

Pressure cuffs or oscillometric cuffs Doppler method Direct

Question 29

What is the direct method of measuring systolic and diastolic pressures?

Answer 29

A catheter is placed into the artery

Question 30

What is the normal systolic blood pressure of dogs and cats? Diastolic?

Answer 30

140-160 mmHg | Less than 90 mmHg

Question 31

What is the normal systolic blood pressure of a horse? Diastolic?

Answer 31

112 +/-14 mmHg | 70 +/-14 mmHg

Question 32

At what systolic pressure is it considered to be hypertension?

Answer 32

160 mmHg

Question 33

What percentage of blood is in veins?

Answer 33

60%

Question 34

What is blood transferred into? What does it do?

Answer 34

Arterial system | Maintain arterial pressure

Question 35

What can serve as blood reservoirs?

Answer 35

Spleen Liver Large abdominal veins Venus plexus

Question 36

What else is the spleen a special reservoir for?

Answer 36

RBCs | It is important in horses

Question 37

What is pressure in the right atrium called?

Answer 37

Central venous pressure

Question 38

What is the level of right atrial pressure or central venous pressure normally?

Answer 38

Zero

Question 39

What is right atrial pressure determined by?

Answer 39

The balance of the heart pumping blood out of the right atrium and the flow of blood from the large veins into the right atrium

Question 40

What are factors that increase right atrial pressure?

Answer 40

Increased blood volume Increased venous tone Dilation of arterioles Decreased cardiac function

Question 41

What do compressional factors tend to cause?

Answer 41

Resistance to flow in large peripheral veins

Question 42

What do increases in right atrial pressure cause?

Answer 42

Blood to back up into the venous system, thereby increasing venous pressures

Question 43

What may abdominal pressures interfere with?

Answer 43

Venous return to the heart, especially in ruminants

Question 44

What do venous valves and "venous pump" do?

Answer 44

Keep pressures peripheral veins low