Exam 2 – Cardio Ch 24

Question 1

What is circulatory shock?

Answer 1

Inadequate cardiac output to meet tissue needs

Question 2

What are the causes of circulatory shock?

Answer 2

Decreased cardiac function curve

Decreased venous return

Question 3

What can cause a decreased cardiac function curve?

Answer 3

Myocardial infarction
Valvular disease
Arrhythmias
Metabolic problems
Myocarditis

Question 4

What can cause decreased venous return?

Answer 4

Decreased blood volume

Decreased vascular tone

Question 5

What are the different types of shock?

Answer 5

Reversible
Irreversible
Compensated
Progressive
Hypovolemic (most common)
Obstruction to blood flow
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic

Question 6

What occurs during compensated shock?

Answer 6

Sympathetic output
Angiotensin II
CNS ischemic response
ADH
Reverse stress relaxation (neurogenic shock or loss of vasomotor tone)
Absorption of fluid into blood

Question 7

What occurs during progressive shock?

Answer 7

Cardiac shock
Myocardial depressant factor
Vasomotor center failure causes vascular dilation
Sludged blood
Capillary permeability increases
Endotoxin release
Cell damage in liver and pancreas

Question 8

Look at arterial pressure and cardiac output responses to hemorrhage

Answer 8

Look at arterial pressure and cardiac output responses to hemorrhage

Question 9

Look at progressive and irreversible shock

Answer 9

Look at progressive and irreversible shock

Question 10

What does acidosis in shock prevent?

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Question 11

What is the irreversible stage of shock postponed by?

Answer 11

Fructose 1,6 diphosphate

Question 12

Why do you get acidosis?

Answer 12

Because there is a lack of blood supply

Question 13

What happens during hypovolemic shock?

Answer 13

External fluid loss

Question 14

What are the different methods of external fluid loss?

Answer 14

Hemorrhage
GI
Renal fluid loss
Cutaneous fluid loss
Intestinal obstruction

Question 15

Describe hemorrhage

Answer 15

Whole blood

Massive trauma in people- plasma:platelets:RBCs 1:1:1 versus 1:1:2. Stop the hemorrhage

Question 16

What are the 2 types of fluid loss in the GI?

Answer 16

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Question 17

What is vomiting therapy?

Answer 17

Electrolyte solution

Question 18

What is diarrhea therapy?

Answer 18

Electrolyte solution

Question 19

What are the different types of dehydration?

Answer 19

Mild (4-5%)
Moderate (6-8%)
Severe (more than 10%)

Question 20

What is dehydration determined by?

Answer 20

Physical examination, PCV, and total protein

Question 21

What are the methods of renal fluid loss?

Answer 21

Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Excessive use of diuretics

Question 22

What is excessive use of diuretic therapy?

Answer 22

Electrolyte solution

Question 23

What are methods of cutaneous fluid loss?

Answer 23

Burns-direct plasma loss

Perspiration

Question 24

How can you treat fluid loss from perspiration?

Answer 24

Give saline

Question 25

What is a type of fluid loss in intestinal obstruction?

Answer 25

Plasma loss

Question 26

What does obstruction to blood flow cause?

Answer 26

Shock

Question 27

What can cause an obstruction to blood flow?

Answer 27

Pulmonary embolus/saddle thrombus in cats Cardiac tamponade Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Question 28

What is the therapy for neurogenic shock?

Answer 28

Sympathomimetic

Question 29

What are the different causes of neurogenic shock?

Answer 29

Drug induced Brain damage Spinal injury

Question 30

What can cause a drug induced neurogenic shock?

Answer 30

Ingestion Too deep anesthesia Ganglionic blockers

Question 31

What are causes of septic shock?

Answer 31

Bacteremia/septicemia | Perionitis

Question 32

What are symptoms of septic shock?

Answer 32

Decreased CO High fever Disseminated iv. coagulation

Question 33

What are the different therapies for shock?

Answer 33

``` Hypovolemia Sympathomimetic Glucocorticoids Morphine to block pain Head down position, anti-shock trousers ```