Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Large Animal Anatomy > Exam 2 Head > Flashcards

Exam 2 Head Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What nerves provide moor innervation to muscles of lips and nose in the horse?

A

dorsal and ventral buccal branches of facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what considerations for the buccal branches do you have to make during anesthesia?

A

in lateral recumbancy, the buccal branches must be protected from the halter and hard surfaces; damage can result in facial paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are other branches of the facial nerves

A

transverse facial and auriculopalpebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

facial motor provides innervation to what in ox

A

muscles of lips and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what run under the ventral border of the mandible in the ox

A

facial artery, ,facial vein, parotid duct and ventral buccal branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what runs along the ventral border of the mandible in small ruminants

A

facial vein (no facial artery in SR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What artery supplies the face in small ruminants since it lacks a facial artery

A

transverse facial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where do parotid duct and ventral buccal branch run in small ruminants?

A

ventral border of the massetter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what structures run ventral to mandible in the horse

A

facial artery, facial vein, and parotid duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

location of cornual nerve in the ox

A

just ventral to the temporal line (with artery and vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cornual nerve supplies sensory innervation to

A

the horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is the cornual nerve blocked in the ox and small ruminant?

A

midway between the lateral canthus of the eye and base of the horn; just ventral to the temporal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what nerves supply sensory innervation to the horn in the caprine?

A

cornual nerve and cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is the cornual nerve blocked?

A

blocked midway between the medial canthus of the eye and base of the horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

equine nostril lateral side is composed of

A

skin, muscle, CCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

medial side of equine nostril is composed of

A

cartilaginous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

medial cartilage is composed of several cartilages including

A

lamina of alar cartilage and cornu of alar cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lamina of alar cartilage location

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cornu of alar cartilage location

A

ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the alar fold in the equine?

A

mucous membrane fold continuous rostrally with skin covering lamina of alar cartilage and caudally with ventral nasal concha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the nasal diverticulum of the equine

A

blind pocket dorsal to alar fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where is the nasolacrimal dct orifice located?

A

on floor of nasal vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ox nose and nosrils are covered by

A

planum nasolabiale; highly keratinized region between nostrils and extending to the upper lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

small ruminants nose and nostrils are covered by

A

planum nasale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the philtrum
the grove separating right and left superior labii
26
what are the parts of the nasal septum
membranous part cartilaginous part osseous part
27
equine dorsal nasal concha
from cribiform plate to first cheek tooth
28
straight fold
extends from dorsalnasal concha to nostril
29
ventral nasal concha is composed of what two parts
alar fold and basal fold
30
alar fold
runs from ventral nasal concha to lamina of alar cartilage
31
basale fold
extends rostrally from ventral nasal concha
32
middle nasal/ethmoid concha
located caudodorsal nasal cavity
33
where are ethmoidal meatuses located
between ethmoturbinates
34
what is the location of nasomaxillary opening that communicates with the maxillary sinus?
middle nasal meatus
35
what is the location of the common nasal meatus
between nasal septum and conchae
36
where is the equine nasopharynx located
between nasal cavity and laryngopharynx
37
what is the rostral boundary of equine nasopharynx
choana
38
what is the caudal boundary of the eqine nasopharynx formed by
palatopharyngeal arch and free border of soft palate (intrapharyngeal ostium)
39
where is the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
in equine nasopharynx
40
what is the pharyngeal septum in ruminants
prolongs nasal septum to dorsal wall of nasopharynx
41
where is the pharyngeal tonsil located in the ruminant
caudal end of pharyngeal septum
42
ruminants have tonsils where?
in oropharynx and nasopharynx
43
the auditory tube connects what?
the middle ear cavity to nasopharynx to equalize air pressure on each side of the eardrum
44
what is the guttural pouch?
the ventral diverticulum of the auditory tube (mucosa that extends ventrally)
45
auditory tube connects the guttural pouch to the
nasopharynx
46
auditory tube is supported by
bone caudally and by an incomplete cartilaginous tube rostrally.
47
guttural pouch is "draped" over the ______ forming ______
stylohyoid bone; medial and lateral compartments
48
which compartment is larger and more caudal
medial
49
pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube is open during what
expiration and swallowing
50
what is the plica salpingopharyngea
the mucosal fold attached to the lateral wall of pharynx and medial wall of auditory tube; located ventrally
51
ventrally, the medial compartment of the guttural pouch contacts the _______
medial retropharyngeal lns.
52
medial compartment of the guttural pouch also contacts (more likely to be damaged with guttural pouch pathology)
``` internal carotid artery glossopharyngeal n. vagus n. accessory n. hypoglossal n. cranial cervical ganglion sympathetic trunk ```
53
the lateral compartment of the guttural pouch has the _____ running along its lateral surface
facial nerve
54
what are the less common structures involved in guttural pouch pathology
facial n. hypoglossal n external carotid a.
55
what are the surgical approaches to the guttural pouch
hyovertebrotomy incision viborg's triangle modified whitehouse incision whitehouse incision
56
what are the surgical landmarks for the viborgs triangle?
linguofacial vein (ventral) sternocephalicus (caudal) caudle border of mandible (rostral)
57
functions of guttural pouch?
x
58
parotid lymph nodes of the horse drain to
lateral and media retropharyngeal lns.
59
mandibular lns of the horse drain to
cranial deep cervical lns, or medial retropharyngeal lns.
60
lateral retropharyngeal lns. location in horse
ventral to wing of atlas near caudodorsal border of mandibular salivary gland
61
lateral retropharyngeal lns contact
lateral wall of guttural pouch
62
lateral retropharyngeal lns in equine drain to
medial retropharyngeal lns. ventral to guttural pouch
63
medial retropharyngeal lns. in equine drain to
cranial deep cervical lns.
64
parotid lns of ruminants drain to
lateral retropharyngeal ln.
65
mandibular lymph nodes of ruminants drain to
lateral retropharyngeal ln
66
medial retropharyngeal lns of ruminant drain to
lateral retropharyngeal ln.
67
what is the major lymph collection center for the head in ruminants
lateral retropharyngeal ln.
68
lateral retropharyngeal ln. drain to
cranial deep cervical ln.
69
what is the function of the hyoid apparatus
the root of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx
70
learn parts of the cartilages
x
71
where is the aryepiglottic fold
from lateral edge of epiglotic cartilage to the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilgae
72
what are the mucous membranes of the larynx of the horse
vocal fold vestibular fold laryngeal ventricle
73
vocal fold
covers vocal ligament and covalis m.
74
vestibular fold
covers vestibular ligamenta nd part of the ventricularis m.
75
laryngeal venricle
located between vestibular and vocal folds
76
what are the mucous membranes of the larynx of the ruminant
only vocal fold is present (no vestibular fold or laryngeal ventricle)
77
aditus laryngis
entrace to larynx
78
laryngeal cavity vestibule
between aditus laryngis and glottic cleft (rima glottidis)
79
laryngeal cavity glottic cleft ventrolateral boundary
vocal folds
80
laryngeal glottic cleft dorsolateral boundary
vocal processes and medial surfaces of arytenoid cartilages
81
infraglotic cavity
from glottic cleft to trachea bounded by cricoid cartilage
82
glottis includes
vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages
83
cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m. function
enlarges glottic cleft by rotating the arytenoid cartilage so that the vocal process moves laterally (abduction); aslo pulls muscular process dorsocaudally, rotating the arytenoid so that the vocal process and fold are pulled laterally; opens glottic cleft
84
cricoarytenoideus dorsalis attachments
arises from lamina and median ridge of the cricoid cartilage; muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
85
cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m. is innervated by
caudal laryngeal n.
86
recurrent laryngeal nerves (terminal end is caudal laryngeal n.)
innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroideus m.; sensory to the mucous membrane of the caudal portion of the larynx
87
cranial laryngeal n. innervates
cricothyroideus m.; sensory to the mucous membrane of the cranial portion of the larynx
88
recurrent laryngeal nerves and cranial laryngeal nerves are branches of
vagus nerve
89
normal position of the epiglottis during breathing in the horse
the horse is an obligate nasal breather because the soft palate is tightly opposed to the base of epiglottis; no communication between oropharynx and nasopharynx
90
dorsal displacement of the soft palate in the horse
causes functional partial obstruction of nasopharynx space; limits performance (most often diagnosed when complaint of exercise intolerance)
91
epiglottic entrapment in the horse
loose aryepiglottic folds and subepiglottic mucosa displace dorsally above the epiglottis;
92
what are the complaints of epiglottic entrapment in the horse
exercise intolerance is the main complaint; less commonly coughing, nasal exudate
93
epiglottic entrapment prevalance in thoroughbreds
0.9%
94
eppiglotic entrapment can be induced by
epiglottic hypoplasia; aryepiglottic fold inflammation/swelling
95
chronic cases of epiglottic entrapemnt in the horse
thickened fibrous tissue; 45% have ulceration present
96
does the horse have binocular vision
no
97
equine eye
has a ramp retina; ciliary m. of eye poorly developed; horse changes head position to focus
98
iridic granules/corpus nigrum found in
hores and ruminants (ox, sheep and goats)
99
what nerves do you block for enucleation of eye
oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens ophthalmic and maxillary nerve of trigeminal nerve zygomatic branch of auriculopalpebral n. of facial nerve
100
enucleation is a common procedure in
bovine
101
peterson eye block for enucleation of the bovine eye
anesthetizes nerves exiting foramen orbitorotundum; insert needle into depression just caudal to the angle formed by frontal and temporal processes of zygomatic bone; advance needle rostrally off coronoid process of mandible
102
peterson eye block you also need to anesthetize
zygomatic branch of the auriculopalpebral n. of facial nerve

Large Animal Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions