Exam 4 Week 14 Avian

Question 1

bird bones are adapted for

Answer 1

flight

Question 2

bone characteristics

Answer 2

light, compact, strong

Question 3

______ of certain bones

Answer 3

pneumatization

Question 4

bone servs as ____ reserve for shell production

Answer 4

calcium

Question 5

extra ____ bone is formed before the laying season

Answer 5

medullary

Question 6

birds have large orbits that are incomplete _______

Answer 6

ventrally

Question 7

what is between orbits

Answer 7

interorbital septum

Question 8

nasal septum is partly

Answer 8

cartilaginous and partly membranous

Question 9

mandible is ______

Answer 9

thin

Question 10

are skull bones pneumatized?

Answer 10

some are

Question 11

skull sutures fuse when?

Answer 11

soon after hatching

Question 12

number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 12

variable (8-25); usually 16 or 17 in chickens

Question 13

number of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 13

3-10

Question 14

atlas articulates with

Answer 14

one occipital condyle

Question 15

cervical vertebrae have

Answer 15

vestiges of ribs (except atlas)

Question 16

last 2 cervical vertebra have

Answer 16

floating ribs

Question 17

firsth thoracic vertebrae is defined as

Answer 17

the first vertebra to have ribs attached to sternum

Question 18

in many bird species, cranial thoracic vertebrae are _______

Answer 18

fused

Question 19

fused thoracic vertebrae called

Answer 19

notarium

Question 20

last ____ can fuse with thoracic vertebrae in notarium

Answer 20

cervical vertebrae

Question 21

notarium followed by

Answer 21

single “free” thoracic vertebrae

Question 22

last thoracic vertebra fuses with

Answer 22

lumbar, sacral, and first several caudal vertebrae

Question 23

this forms the

Answer 23

synsacrum

Question 24

synsacrum fuses extensively with what part of pelvis

Answer 24

ilium

Question 25

there are ____ free caudal vertebra

Answer 25

about 6

Question 26

last 5-6 caudal vertebrae fuse to form the

Answer 26

pygostyle

Question 27

scapla

Answer 27

long, thin;

Question 28

scapula articulates with

Answer 28

calvicle and coracoid

Question 29

triosseal canal is formed by

Answer 29

three bones

Question 30

furcula

Answer 30

left and right clavicles join ventrally (wishbone)

Question 31

scapula attaches to ___ via ligaments and muscles

Answer 31

ribs

Question 32

coracoid

Answer 32

large; articulates with the sternum

Question 33

is the ulna or radius larger?

Answer 33

ulna

Question 34

how many carpals does the bird have

Answer 34

2 free carpals

Question 35

distal carpals fuse with

Answer 35

metacarpals to form the carpometacarpus

Question 36

most bird species have ___ digits

Answer 36

3 (digits II, III, IV)

Question 37

phalanges are

Answer 37

reduced in number

Question 38

some birds have ___ digit

Answer 38

1

Question 39

a few bird species have ____ on digits

Answer 39

claws

Question 40

pelvic bones include

Answer 40

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 41

in most birds, does the pelvis fuse ventrally

Answer 41

no

Question 42

large flightless birds have either fused ____ or fused ____

Answer 42

pubis or ischium

Question 43

femur

Answer 43

typical ball and socket joint has additional trochanteric joint with ilium

Question 44

tibiotarsus

Answer 44

proximal tarsal bones fused with distal tibia

Question 45

fibula

Answer 45

greatly reduced distally; forms a sharp point distaly

Question 46

tarsometatarsus

Answer 46

distal tarsal bones fused with 3 main metatarsal bones (also fused)

Question 47

many bird species have ___ digits

Answer 47

4, with varying numbers of phalanges

Question 48

first digit usually projects,

Answer 48

caudally

Question 49

digits vary greatly depending on

Answer 49

needs of the species (swimming, climbin, hunting, scratching, walking/running etc.)

Question 50

feathers are produced from

Answer 50

feather follicles

Question 51

what are the 3 types of feathers

Answer 51

contour bristle down

Question 52

biggest, outer feathers used for flight are the

Answer 52

contour feathers

Question 53

contour feather components

Answer 53

vane, main shaft, quill

Question 54

vane has

Answer 54

barbs and barbules

Question 55

single shaft feathers primarily onthe head and neck (look like stiff hairs) are

Answer 55

bristle feathers

Question 56

bristle feather follicles are

Answer 56

highly innervated follicles

Question 57

do bristle feathers have barbs

Answer 57

no

Question 58

sometimes down feathers are called

Answer 58

plumules

Question 59

down feather characteristics

Answer 59

short to no main shaft and barbs usually form a tuft | barbs dont have barbules

Question 60

natal feathers of newly hatch chicken are

Answer 60

down feathers

Question 61

dermis is

Answer 61

thick and highly vascular

Question 62

skin is

Answer 62

thin

Question 63

skin outgrowths aid in

Answer 63

temperature regulation and cooling

Question 64

roosters and hens have

Answer 64

combs, wattles, and ear lobes

Question 65

pectoral muscles are

Answer 65

large powerful breast muscle

Question 66

pectoral muscles provide

Answer 66

downstroke of wings

Question 67

attachments of pectoral muscles

Answer 67

keel of sternum; calvicle | ventral surface of proximal humerus

Question 68

supracoracoideus muscle provides

Answer 68

upstroke

Question 69

attachments of supracoracoideus muscle

Answer 69

sternum; clavicle; dorsal surface of proximal humerus; tendon passes thorught eh triosseal canal

Question 70

oropharynx is the space from ____ to _____

Answer 70

beak to esophagus

Question 71

choana

Answer 71

slit in roof of oropharynx opens to nasal cavity

Question 72

caudal to choana is the

Answer 72

infundibular cleft

Question 73

what is the infundibular cleft

Answer 73

common opening for left and right auditory tubes

Question 74

caudal to tongue is

Answer 74

a central raised area called the laryngeal mound

Question 75

laryngeal mound is the site of teh

Answer 75

larynx

Question 76

laryngeal mound opening is the

Answer 76

glottis

Question 77

glottis leads to the

Answer 77

trachea

Question 78

voice production is via the

Answer 78

syrinx

Question 79

how many heart chambers are there

Answer 79

4

Question 80

heart lies in front of

Answer 80

lobes of liver

Question 81

does the bird have a diaphragm

Answer 81

no

Question 82

fibrous pericardium is attached to the

Answer 82

sternum

Question 83

fibrous pericardium is attached to the

Answer 83

sternum

Question 84

fertilization occurs in the

Answer 84

infundibulum

Question 85

magnum

Answer 85

1/2 of albumin deposited

Question 86

istmus

Answer 86

more albumen and shell membrane deposited

Question 87

uterus

Answer 87

watery albumen and shell deposited

Question 88

vagina

Answer 88

short tube to cloaca

Question 89

which side of reproductive tract develops

Answer 89

left

Question 90

read dyce for male repro

Answer 90

x

Question 91

kidneys lie against the

Answer 91

synsacrum

Question 92

kidneys contact ____ cranially

Answer 92

lungs

Question 93

kidneys are divided into

Answer 93

cranial, middle and caudal divisions

Question 94

are cortex and medulla divided?

Answer 94

not clearly

Question 95

renal pelvis?

Answer 95

no

Question 96

ureter stars at

Answer 96

Cranial division; extends caudally, receiving branches from middle and caudal divisions

Question 97

review histology notes from avian respiratory system

Answer 97

x