Exam 4 Week 13 Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
review pelvis structures
A
x
2
Q
pelvic inlet boundary is called the ____
A
terminal line
3
Q
dorsal pelvic inlet boundaries in horse and ruminant
A
base of sacrum
4
Q
lateral pelvic inlet boundary
A
arcuate line of ilium
5
Q
ventral pelvic inlet boundary
A
pecten pubis
6
Q
dorsal pelvic outlet boundary in horse and ruminant
A
caudal vertebra
7
Q
lateral pelvic outlet boundary
A
free edge of left and right sacrosciatic ligaments
8
Q
ventral pelvic outlet boundary
A
ischial tubers and ischial arch
9
Q
roof of pelvis is composed of
A
sacrum and first few caudal vertebrae
10
Q
floor of pelvis composed of
A
fused pubis and ischium
11
Q
lateral part of pelvis formed by
A
shaft of ilium and sacrosciatic ligament
12
Q
what is the pelvis axis
A
a line running through the pelvic center of the pelvic inlet, the pelvic cavity, and the pelvic outlet
13
Q
vertical diameter of pelvis in mare
A
vertical line between pecten pubis and roof of pelvic cavity
14
Q
conjugata of mare pelvis
A
distance between sacral promontory and pecten pubis
15
Q
diagonal conjugata of mare pelvis
A
distance between sacral promontory and ischial arch
16
Q
vertical diameter in the cow
A
vertical line between pecten pubis and roof of pelvic cavity
17
Q
conjugata of cow pelvis
A
line between sacral promontory and pecten pubis
18
Q
transverse diameter of cow pelvis
A
line between right and left psoas minor tubercles
19
Q
perineum
A
body wall closing the pelvic cavity caudally
20
Q
in the horse, perineum confined between
A
semimembranosus muscles
21
Q
perineum surrounds terminal parts of
A
anal and urogenital canasl
22
Q
perineal region is
A
projection of perineum on the skin
23
Q
dorsal boundary of perineal region
A
base of tail
24
Q
ventral boundary of perineal region
A
base of udder or scrotum
25
lateral boundary of perineal region
sacrotuberous ligament (in the cow), ischial tuberosity
26
____ and _____ regions
urogenital and anal
27
perineal body is art of the
perineum
28
perineal body is the
interlocking muscle and fascial components between anal canal and urogenital canal
29
perineal body can tear during
foaling in the mare; laceration results in a rectovaginal opening that needs to be repaired
30
pelvic diaphragm is the dorsal part of the
perineum
31
pelvic diaphragm closes
pelvic outlet around anus
32
pelvic diaphragm composed of
muscles and fascia (coccygeus m. (lateral); levator ani m. (medial))
33
peritoneal pouches
pararectal pouch
rectogenital pouch
vesicogenital pouch
pubovesical pouch
34
what is the inguinal canal
potential space
35
deep inguinal ring cranial boundary
caudal edge of internal abdominal oblique m.
36
deep inguinal ring caudal boundary
inguinal ligament (caudal edge of aponeurosis of extenal abdominal oblique m.)
37
superficial inguinal ring
slit in aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique m.
38
structures passing through inguinal canal in the male
```
external pudendal a/v
genitofemoral nerve
lymphatic vessels
spermatic cord
cremaster muscle
```
39
structures passing through the inguinal canal in the female
external pudendal a/v
genitofemoral n
lymphatic vessels
40
inguinal hernias occur in what gender
both male and female
41
inguinal hernias are relatively common in
male pigs
42
inginal hernias in what species often resolve
male foals; spontaneously during first year of live (if do not involve strangulated intestine)
43
inguinal hernias relatively common in
stallions
44
inguinal hernias in stallions usually develop after
breeding a mare, trauma or a hard workout
45
inguinal hernias in stallions involve
strangulated loops of intestine that descended through the vaginal ring; severe colic (abdominal pain)
46
inguinal hernias are rare in
cattle
47
pudendal nerve arises from what nerves in the horse
S [2]3-S4
48
pudendal nerve starts medial to
sacrosciatic ligament then becomes embedded in the ligament
49
pudendal nerve runs close to
internal pudendal artery
50
pudendal nerve is sensory to
anus, vulva, perineal skin
51
pudendal nerve arises from what nerves in ruminants
S2-S4
52
pudendal nerve is motor to
muscles of peritoneum
53
pudendal nerve continues as
dorsal nerve of the penis
54
caudal rectal nerve is sensory to
rectum, anus, perianal skin
55
caudal rectal nerves are motor to
dorsal perineal muscles
56
hypogastric nerve
sympathetic supply to the pelvic viscera
57
pelvic nerve
parasympathetic supply to the pelvic viscera
58
pelvic plexus formed by
pelvic and hypogastric nerves
59
dorsal border of sacrosciatic ligament is
attached to the sacrum and transverse processes of Cd1 and Cd2
60
ventral border of sacrosciatic ligament attached to
the ischial spine and ischial tuebr
61
caudal border of sacrosciatic ligament is fused with
vertebral head of semimembranosus m.
62
where is the greater ischiatic foramen located
cranial to the ischiatic spine
63
bordered by _________
greater ischiatic notch and sacrosciatic ligament
64
greater ischiatic forman is a passagway for
vessels and nerves
65
lesser ischiatic foramen (horse)
located caudal to the ischiatic spine
| bordered by lesser ischiatic notch and sacrosciatic ligament
66
sacrosciatic ligament in ruminant boudnaries
essentially similar to the horse
67
due to absence of vertebral heads of the caudal thigh muscles, the caudal part of the __________ forms the dorsolateral boudnary of ischeriorectal fossasa; but it a was sweet
sacrosciatic ligament
68
location of mare ovaries
cranioventral to iliac wings (L5);
| Halfway between last rib and tuber coxae in dorsal abdomen
69
location of cow ovaries
ventral part of the iliac shaft
70
size of equine ovaries
8-10 cm
71
size of bovine ovaries
4 cm
72
ovarian fossa shape
in mare an dbovine; wierd?
73
mare uterine horns located within
abdomen dorsal to the intestines
74
mare uterine body located
abdomen, pelvis
75
cow uterine body
very short, 3 cm dorsal and ventral intercornual ligament, caruncles in the endometrium
76
_____- species have longer uterine horns
polytocous
77
cervix
thick walled and easily identified during rectal palpation
78
cervix length in pigs
long (~25 cm); mucosal prominences
79
vestibular bulb
homologous to corpus spongiosum
80
clitoris
homologus to Corpus cavernosum of penis
81
clans of clitoris corresponds to
glans of the penis
82
transverse preputial fold plus ventral protion of the labia of the vulva corespond to
prepuce of the male
83
median and lateral sinuses within
glans of the clitoris
84
clinical significance of clitoral fossa
harbors bacteria that causes contagious equine metritis
85
equie testis
compressed fro m side to side and long axis being horizontal;
86
contraction of cremaster muscle turns it to
vertical position
87
epididymis runs on the ____ boder of testis
dorsal
88
testicular bursa
laterally
89
ruminant testis
elongated ellipsoidal that hang vertically within the scrotum
90
epididymis of ruminants follows _____ border of testis
caudomedial
91
tail projects ______ forming conical swelling
ventrally
92
boar scrotum location
in perineal region
93
tail of epididymis and caudal pole of testis of boar pointed ______ prominent landmark close to anus
caudodorsally
94
what type of penis does a horse have
musculocavernous type (corpus spongiosum, corpus cavernosum)
95
equine erection
increase in length three-fold; preputial fold applied to suurface of extended penis
96
bulbospongiousus m. continues to
free part of penis
97
bulbospongiosus m. on ____ aspect
ventral
98
bulbospongiosus m. compresses
spongiosum, expulsion of urine/semen
99
equine retractor penis m.
smooth muscle, origin from caudal vertebrae; decussate below rectum; withdraw penis into prepuce (sheath)
100
phimosis
inability to protrude penis
101
paraphimosis
inability to withdraw penis into sheath
102
penile paralysis and priapism
x erect penis does not return to its flaccid sate
103
what type of penis is the ruminant penis
fibroelastic type; sigmoid flexure
104
apical ligament
condensation of collagen fibers in tunica albginea; counterclockwise spiral
105
urethral recess
dorsal diverticulum of urethra
106
at junction of pelivic penile urethra and at sigmoid flexure
urethra narrows
107
ampulla not present in
boar
108
vesicular glands not present in
dog or cat
109
prostate
dog has body; diffuse is vestigual
horse only has body
small ruminants only diffuse
ox has both
110
bulbourethral glands
not in dog (vesetigial in tom cat)
