exam 2- lecture 1

Question 1

dry eyes

Answer 1

xeropthalmia

Question 2

this is a lab test to determine the level of a specific antibody in the blood

Answer 2

antibody titer

Question 3

disease characterized by the formation of granulomas

Answer 3

granulomatous disease

Question 4

disease characterized by injury of ones own tissues caused by a cell mediated or humoral response

Answer 4

autoimmune disease

Question 5

these occur as a result of part of an individuals own body becomes antigens

Answer 5

autoimmune disease

Question 6

stimulates WBC’s population growth

Answer 6

interleukins

Question 7

dry mouth

Answer 7

xerostomia

Question 8

this renders the antigen inactive

Answer 8

antigen-antibody complex

Question 9

administered y injection

Answer 9

parenteral

Question 10

immunity predominated by antibodies

Answer 10

humoral immunity

Question 11

what is it called when antibody combines with an antigen?

Answer 11

immune complex

Question 12

what are the specific immunoglobulins circulating in the blood serum?

Answer 12

IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD (gamed)

Question 13

itching

Answer 13

pruritis

Question 14

these produce a specific antibody needed to fight the antigen. They also consist of immunoglobulins, immune complex

Answer 14

plasma cell

Question 15

antiviral actitives

Answer 15

interferon

Question 16

what do lymphocytes produce and what are their functions?

Answer 16

lymphokines

change monocytes to macrophages

inhibit migration of macrophages so they stay in needed area

activate macrophages

enhance ability of macrophages to destroy foreign cells (phagocytosis)

Question 17

B cell; lymphatic tissue that matures into plasma cells which produce antibodies

Answer 17

B lymphocyte

Question 18

type of immunopathologic condition that involves deficiency in number, function, or interrelationships of the involved WBC’s and their products- AIDS

Answer 18

Immunodeficiency

Question 19

these are the primary WBC’s involved in immune response, recognize/respond to antigens
NK cell-viral infections

Answer 19

Lymphocytes

Question 20

protein molecule (immunoglobin) produced by plasma cells and reacts with a specific antigen

Answer 20

antibody

Question 21

this defends the body against injury, particularly from foreign substances such as microorganisms

Answer 21

immune response

Question 22

these travel to the thymus

Answer 22

T-Lymphocytes

Question 23

the superficial layer of epithelium sloughs off when firm, sliding manual pressure is applied

Answer 23

Nicolskys sign

Question 24

a hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to an allergen

Answer 24

allergy

Question 25

What cells are involved in the immune response?

Answer 25

``` B lymphocytes (B cells)-eosinophils T lymphocytes (T cells)-Mast cells Macrophages- Natural Killer (NK) cells ```

Question 26

what are the types of immunity?

Answer 26

active and passive

Question 27

dissolution of intercellular bridges of the prickle cell layer of epithelium

Answer 27

acantholysis

Question 28

protein (IgM) that is detected in serum associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 28

Rheumatoid factor

Question 29

lymph organ in chest that produces T lymphocytes

Answer 29

thymus

Question 30

these increase the functioning of B lymphocytes and enhances the antibody response

Answer 30

T helper cells

Question 31

these are foreign substances against which the immune system defends the body, mainly proteins, often microorganisms and their toxins

Answer 31

antigens

Question 32

combo of antibody and antigen

Answer 32

immune complex

Question 33

antibody that reacts against an antigenic constituent of a persons own body

Answer 33

autoantibody

Question 34

antibody combines with an antigen bound to the surface of tissue cells, incompatible blood transfusions, Rhesus Incompatibility (RH), ex: autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer 34

type II (Cytotoxic)

Question 35

what are the different types of T lymphocytes?

Answer 35

T- Helper cells | T- suppressor cells

Question 36

immune complexes are formed between microorganisms and antibody in circulating blood, causes phagocytosis/death of the neutrophils with the release of lysosomal enzymes causing tissue destruction..ex: systemic lupus erythematous

Answer 36

type III (Immune complex)

Question 37

state of altered reactivity whereby the body reacts to the foreign agents with exaggerated immune response

Answer 37

hypersensitivity

Question 38

large mononuclear phagocyte that assists in an immune response

Answer 38

macrophage

Question 39

tissue composed of lymphocytes and a meshwork of CT

Answer 39

lymphoid tissue

Question 40

infection (herpes) that involves the distal phalanx of a finger

Answer 40

whitlow

Question 41

immunity predominated by T lymphocytes

Answer 41

cell mediated immunity

Question 42

these are from stem cells in bone marrow and they mature in lymphatic tissue (lymph nodes).. and have two types

Answer 42

B lymphocytes 2 types: plasma cells, B memory cell

Question 43

this occurs immediately after exposure to a previously encountered antigen (Penicillin), IgE causes mast cells to release histamine, can be life threatening because pt. may not be able to breath. examples: hayfever, asthma

Answer 43

type I (anaphylaxis)

Question 44

using antibodies produced by another person to protect an individual from infectious disease.. antibody from another passes thru the placenta to a developing fetus..bone marrow transplant

Answer 44

passive immunity

Question 45

what are the divisions of immune response?

Answer 45

humoral response | cell-mediated immune response

Question 46

cell characteristic of lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases

Answer 46

LE cell

Question 47

this si when a mothers antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the newborns RBC's

Answer 47

Rhesus incompatibility

Question 48

allergic reactions with exaggerated responses and tissue destruction

Answer 48

hypersensitivity

Question 49

destruction of fibrolasts

Answer 49

lymphotoxin

Question 50

the study of immune reactions involved in disease

Answer 50

immunopathology

Question 51

this has the capacity to remember and responds more quickly when a substance enters the body to a second time

Answer 51

immune response

Question 52

these suppress the functioning of the B lymphocytes and T- Killer cells that are active in surveillance against virally infected cells of tumor cells

Answer 52

T- Suppressor cells

Question 53

these can occur naturally or can e acquired via vaccination, immunization, sometimes requires a booster (ex-tetanis)

Answer 53

active immunity

Question 54

delayed hypersensitivity-cell mediated response-cell mediated response- tuberculin test (PPD)(Mantoux), skin reaction occurs if tested has previously been exposed to the organism causing TB respons. for the rejection of tissue, grafts,transplanted organs

Answer 54

type IV (cell-mediated)

Question 55

T lymphocytes and macrophages

Answer 55

cel (l mediated immune response (cmi)

Question 56

involves the production of antibodies (B lymphocytes primary)

Answer 56

humoral response

Question 57

mucosal infammation

Answer 57

mucositis

Question 58

2nd type of B lymphocyte and retains the memory of previously encountered antigen and the duplicates

Answer 58

B memory cell

Question 59

T cell.. maturs in thymus and helps with cell mediated immunity

Answer 59

T lymphocyte

Question 60

deficiency of the immune response resulting from hypoactivity or decreased numbers of lymphoid cells

Answer 60

immunodeficiency

Question 61

allergic reaction causing the release of vasoactive substances such as histaime; causes respiratory distress

Answer 61

anaphylaxis

Question 62

what are some characteristics of hypersensitivity to drugs?

Answer 62

drugs can act as antigens patients with multiple allergies are more likely to have allergic reactions to drug causes a type I allergy anaphylaxis, urticaria and angioedema systemic anaphylaxis can be fatal penicillin 300 deaths per year

Question 63

what do lymphokines consist of?

Answer 63

interleukins lymphotoxin interferon

Question 64

disease caused by a microorganism that does not ordinarily cause a disease but becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances

Answer 64

opportunistic infection

Question 65

tumor like mass of inflammatory tissue of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes

Answer 65

granuloma

Question 66

this is active in phagocytosis, link between the inflammatory and immune responses and can act as antigen-presenting cells

Answer 66

macrophages

Question 67

a microorganism that causes disease

Answer 67

pathogenic microorganism

Question 68

the increased responsiveness that results from the retained memory of an already encountered antigen

Answer 68

immunity