Exam 2: Lecture 14: Abdominal Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
What structures come from the dorsal mesentery?
A
-Greater omentum
-Mesoduodenum
-Mesenterium
-Mesocolon
-Mesorectum
2
Q
What structures are the remnants of the ventral mesentery?
A
-Lesser omentum
-Liver ligaments
-Falciform ligament
3
Q
The small and large intestines develop from
A
-The same spot
4
Q
What is the foregut in horses?
A
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Liver
-Pancreas
5
Q
What is the midgut in horses?
A
-Distal part of duodenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum
-Cecum
-2/3 colon
6
Q
What is the hindgut in horses?
A
-1/3 colon
-Rectum
7
Q
Where does most of the fermentation occur in horses?
A
-Cecum
8
Q
Horses are ____ fermentors, but more correctly _______
A
Hindgut fermentors, more correctly post-gastric fermenters
9
Q
What is understood by “intrathoracic abdominal organs”?
A
-Visceral organ projection into the thorax (still inside the abdomen but project into thorax)
10
Q
What are the parts of the small intestine?
A
-Duodenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum
11
Q
What are the parts of the large intestine?
A
-Cecum
-Colon
-Rectum
-Anus
12
Q
The small intestine is also known as
A
-Intestinum tenue
13
Q
The large intestine is also known as
A
-Intestinum crassum
14
Q
What are known as the “accessory organs”?
A
-Liver
-Pancreas
-Spleen
15
Q
What is one reason horses can’t vomit?
A
-They have a very strong cardias muscle
16
Q
What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
A
-Lesser curvature (and lesser omentum)
17
Q
What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
A
-Saccus caecus ventriculi
18
Q
What is the saccus caecus ventriculi?
A
-Blind sac in the fundus of the stomach that you can see from the outside
19
Q
What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
A
-Greater curvature (and greater omentum)
20
Q
What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
A
-Pylorus
21
Q
What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
A
-Cardias
22
Q
What is the pylorus of the stomach?
A
-Sphincter
-Gives us passage from the stomach to the duodenum
23
Q
What part of the stomach is made up of hepatogastric & hepatoduodenal ligaments?
A
-Lesser omentum
24
Q
Where is the stomach located in horses?
A
-In the left side of the abdomen completely covered by ribs
25
What is important to note about the non-glandular part of the stomach?
-There is no physiologic protection, so if stomach acid gets up here we will develop stomach ulcers
26
The ____ always opens to the non-glandular part of the stomach
-Cardias
27
What is the margo plicatus?
-Small fold, well marked that separates the non-glandular and glandular parts of the stomach
28
What makes up the glandular part of the stomach?
-Cardiac glands
-Fundic glands
-Pyloric glands
29
What part of the stomach is the pylorus located in?
-In the glandular part
30
What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
-Pylorus
31
What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
-Cardias
32
What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
-Non-glandular part
33
What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
-Margo plicatus
34
What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
-Cardiac glands
35
What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
-Fundic glands
36
What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?
-Pyloric glands
37
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Fundus
38
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Cardiac sphincter
39
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Esophagus
40
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Major duodenal papilla
41
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Duodenum
42
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Minor duodenal papilla
43
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Pyloric sphincter
44
What structure is indicated by the red star?
-Margo plicatus
45
Where does the small intestine develop?
-Root of the mesentery (which is located between the cranial mesenteric a. and the dorsal mesentery)
46
How long is an equine duodenum?
-Approximately 3 feet long
47
What intestinal structure is indicated by the light blue arrows?
-Duodenum
48
What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?
-Cranial portion of the duodenum
49
What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?
-Cranial duodenal flexure
50
What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?
-Descending portion of the duodenum
51
What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?
-Caudal duodenal flexure
52
What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?
-Ascending portion of the duodenum
53
What structure is indicated by the blue star?
-Cranial part of the duodenum
54
What structure is indicated by the blue star?
-Cranial flexure of duodenum
55
What structure is indicated by the blue star?
-Descending duodenum
56
What structure is indicated by the blue star?
-Caudal duodenal flexure
57
What structure is indicated by the blue star?
-Ascending duodenum
58
What structure is indicated by the blue star?
-Duodenal jejunal flexure
59
Where is the descending duodenum located in the horse?
-The right side (under the liver)
60
Where is the jejunum located in the horse?
-Dorsal left part of abdomen
-Attached to the roof of abdomen by mesojejunum
61
The ____ communicates medially with the base of the cecum b/c of ____ orifice
ileum, ileocecal orifice
62
What is notable about the mesoileum?
-Very wide, but not long
-Compact
63
What is the difference between the dog and horse ileum?
-Horse ileum communicates directly with the cecum medially
-In dogs, ileum communicates w/ the colon
64
How long are the jejeunum and ileum?
-Approximately 69 feet long (21 mt.)
65
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Jejunum (long but compact)
66
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ascending duodenum
67
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ileum
68
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Mesojejunum
69
The ____ is located in the dorsal left part of the abdomen, located in the free part of the abdomen
-Jejunum
70
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ileum
71
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ileocecal fold
72
What does the ileocecal fold do?
-Joins the ileum w/ the cecum
73
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ileal papilla (projection inside cecum)
74
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ceco-colic orifice
75
The _____ & _____ occupy the largest parts of the abdomen
-Ascending colon & cecum
76
The cecum is approximately _____ feet long and has a capacity of over ______
3 ft long, capacity of over 30L (8 gal)
77
The base of the cecum is oriented
-To the dorsal right side of midline
78
The body of the cecum is oriented
-In the right ventral abdomen
79
The apex of the cecum is oriented
-Central and ventral in the midline between the left and right ventral colon
80
What part of the cecum is important for movement?
-**Taenias** (formed by longitudinal smooth muscles)
81
What are **haustras** (related w/ cecum)
-Sacculations
82
Where are the semilunar folds of the cecum?
-Between taenias
83
Where is the base of the cecum located?
-Dorsal right side of abdomen (very big)
-Most cranial part is hidden by the last ribs, most caudal part can be auscultated
84
Where is the body of the cecum located?
-Mainly in the ventral right part of the abdomen
85
Where is the apex of the cecum located?
-Shifts a little bit to the midline (very pointy)
86
What is indicated by the number 8?
-Base of cecum
87
What is indicated by number 9?
-Body of cecum
88
What is indicated by number 10?
-Apex of cecum
89
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Semilunar grooves
90
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Taenias (white bands)
91
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Haustras
92
What is important about the taenias of the cecum?
-White bands that can be palpated transrectally
93
What is known as the "large colon"?
-Ascending colon
94
What is known as the "small colon"?
-Descending colon
95
The large colon (ascending colon) is divided into ___ main parts and ___ flexures
4 main parts & 3 flexures
96
What is the order of the ascending colon (large colon) parts & flexures?
-Right ventral -> sternal flexure -> left ventral -> pelvic flexure -> left dorsal -> diaphragmatic flexure -> right dorsal
97
What part of the large colon is the smallest, and what is the biggest?
-Smallest = left dorsal
-Biggest = right dorsal
98
Where is the right ventral colon part of the large colon located?
-Right ventral part of abdomen, goes cranially & will hit sternum
99
What happens at the diaphragmatic flexure of the large colon?
-Colon will shift from left to right
100
What happens at the sternal flexure of the large colon?
-Colon will shift from right to left (b/c hits sternum)
101
Where is the ventral left colon part of the large colon?
-Ventral left abdomen
-Will advance caudally into the pelvic cavity
102
What happens at the pelvic flexure of the large colon?
-Colon will fold here when it get to the pelvic cavity
103
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Dorsal left colon
104
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Pelvic flexure (left side)
105
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ventral left colon
106
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Cecum
107
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ventral right colon part of large colon
108
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Dorsal right colon part of large colon (normally hidden by the ribs)
109
Where is the descending colon (small colon)?
-Dorsal left part of the abdomen (same as jejunum)
110
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Descending colon (small colon)
111
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Dorsal left colon (part of ascending or large colon)
112
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Ventral left colon (part of ascending or large colon)
113
What intestinal organ is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Jejunum
114
What can be heard in the right dorsal quadrant?
-Base of cecum (gentle mixing sounds interspersed ~every 2 min. by a sound like toilet flushing)
115
What is in the right ventral quadrant that can be auscultated?
-Body of cecum
-Right ventral colon (part of ascending or large colon)
116
What is in the left dorsal quadrant that can be auscultated?
-Jejunum (small intestine)
-Smaller descending colon
117
What is in the left ventral quadrant that can be auscultated?
-Dorsal left colon (part of ascending or large colon)
-Ventral left colon (part of ascending or large colon)
118
What is the technical term for a gut sound (singular and plural)?
-Borborygmus
-Plural = borborygmi
