Exam 2: Lecture 18: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What are other names for the “uterine tube”?

Answer 1

-Salpinx
-Oviduct
-Falopian’s Tube

Question 2

What are the parts of the uterus?

Answer 2

-Horns
-Body
-Neck (or cervix)

Question 3

What are the broad ligaments of the uterus?

Answer 3

-Mesovarium
-Mesosalpinx
-Mesometrium
-Suspensory ligament
-Proper ligament

Question 4

What does the mesosalpinx do?

Answer 4

-Holds uterine tube

Question 5

What does the mesometrium do?

Answer 5

-Holds from horns to body

Question 6

What does the suspensory ligament do?

Answer 6

-“Hangs” ovary to abdomen

Question 7

What does the proper ligament do?

Answer 7

-Joins caudal pole of ovary to uterine horn

Question 8

What is the perimetrium?

Answer 8

-Serosa/outer layer of tissue
-Communicates with broad ligament of the uterus

Question 9

Where are the ovaries in the horse?

Answer 9

-Caudal to caudal pole of kidneys, at level of 5th lumbar vertebrae
-Cranioventral to iliac wings

Question 10

Where is the ovary of the uterus in horses?

Answer 10

-Horns lie within abdominal cavity & body lies partly abdomen and partly pelvic cavity

Question 11

Where is the vagina in the horse?

Answer 11

-Lies within the pelvic cavity ventral to the rectum & dorsally to the urinary bladder & urethra

Question 12

Where is the vestibule in horses?

Answer 12

-Ventral to rectum & anal canal, ventral wall goes beyond ischial arch

Question 13

Where is the vulva in horses?

Answer 13

-Ventral to anus, ventral commissure is ventral to the ischial arch
-Vulva is outside body

Question 14

What 2 main features differentiate mare ovaries from other species?

Answer 14

-Mare ovaries are very large (and bean shaped)
-Ovulation fossa

Question 15

What is the ovulation fossa?

Answer 15

-Part of the ovary that the fossa opens up to

Question 16

How wide can an inactive mare ovary be?

Answer 16

-Between 4-5 cm

Question 17

How wide can an active mare ovary be?

Answer 17

-Can be up to 10cm

Question 18

What is different in the uterine tube in mares?

Answer 18

-Union between uterine tube and the uterus is abrupt

Question 19

What are the 3 main structures of the uterine tube?

Answer 19

-Infundibulum
-Ampulla
-Isthmus

Question 20

What part of the uterine tube is closest to the ovary and why is this significant?

Answer 20

-Infundibulum
-Fimbriae of infundibulum takes ova from inside the ovary into the tube

Question 21

What part of the uterine tube is after the infundibulum?

Answer 21

-Ampulla of the uterine horn

Question 22

What part of the uterine tube joins with the horn?

Answer 22

-Isthmus of uterine tube

Question 23

What part of the uterine tube is the widest?

Answer 23

-Ampulla (middle part)

Question 24

What part of the uterine tube is the longest?

Answer 24

-Isthmus

Question 25

What is lacking in a mare uterus that is in a dog uterus?

Answer 25

-Intercornual ligament

Question 26

What are the horns of the uterus?

Answer 26

-Divergent, raised dorsally over intestines, bunt end

Question 27

What is the body of the uterus?

Answer 27

-Large, normally obliterated by the intestines and bladder

Question 28

What is the cervix (neck) of the uterus?

Answer 28

-Firm consistency, easily palpable transrectally, cervical canal w/ internal & external cervical osmium -Projects into the vagina & is surrounded by an annular space (fornix)

Question 29

What structure is indicated by the number 1?

Answer 29

-Uterine horns

Question 30

What structure is indicated by the number 2?

Answer 30

-Body of uterus

Question 31

What structure is indicated by number 3?

Answer 31

-Cervix (neck)

Question 32

What is indicated by the pink circle?

Answer 32

-Cervical canal

Question 33

What is indicated by the blue star?

Answer 33

-Fornix

Question 34

What is the fornix of the uterus?

Answer 34

-Projection around cervix into vagina -Good landmark to clinical things like insemination

Question 35

What is indicated by the red star?

Answer 35

-Body of uterus

Question 36

What is indicated by number 6?

Answer 36

-External ostium

Question 37

What is indicated by number 4?

Answer 37

-Cervical canal

Question 38

What is indicated by number 5?

Answer 38

-Internal ostium

Question 39

What are the boundaries of the vagina?

Answer 39

-Cranial boundary: vaginal projection of cervix & fornix -Caudal boundary: hymenal fold & external urethral orifice

Question 40

What is important about the inside of the vagina?

Answer 40

-Longitudinal folds of mucosa inside vagina -Vaginal mucosa is ridged lenthwise

Question 41

Where does the vestibule of the vagina extend from?

Answer 41

-Extends from external urethral orifice to the vulva caudally

Question 42

What functions does the vaginal vestibule have?

Answer 42

-Reproductive & urinary functions

Question 43

What is in the lateral walls of the vagina vestibule?

Answer 43

-Vestibular glands

Question 44

The vaginal vestibule has ________ as erectile tissue & constrictor vestibular muscles

Answer 44

-Vestibular bulbs

Question 45

Where do the constrictor vestibular muscles and constrictor vulva muscles come from?

Answer 45

-External anal sphincter

Question 46

What makes urine able to touch the vaginal vestibule?

Answer 46

-External urethral orifice

Question 47

What is the shape of the vulva dorsally and ventrally?

Answer 47

-Dorsal commissure is pointy -Ventral commissure is rounded

Question 48

Where is the clitoris?

Answer 48

-Associated w/ the ventral commissure, lies inside the fossa of the clitoris & is covered by a fold called prepuce of clitoris

Question 49

What is vulva "winking"?

Answer 49

-Clitoris becomes prominent during oestrus & with "winking" movements of the labia, exposing the clitoris

Question 50

What is shown in this image?

Answer 50

"Wind-sucking" of vulva

Question 51

What species is "wind-sucking" of vulva common in & why?

Answer 51

-Thoroughbreds b/c lean so not a lot of extra fat cover to put in the ischiorectal fossas

Question 52

What happens with "wind-sucking"?

Answer 52

-Opening of vulva is more dorsal & closure is less effective -Air may be drawn into or expelled from the tract w/ each change in intra-abdominal pressure -Possibility of bacterial contamination, which may result in sterility if reach the endometrium

Question 53

How can "wind-sucking" be fixed?

Answer 53

-Caslick technique