exam 3

Question 1

how many embryos do pigs have

Answer 1

2+ on each side

Question 2

define transuterine migration. how long does it last

Answer 2

embryos move throughout the uterus
about 14 days

Question 3

where does the embryo implant

Answer 3

close to the horn-body junction

Question 4

what do bovine and ovine pregnancy inhibits

Answer 4

oxytocin receptor synthesis and PGF2a

Question 5

describe porcine pregnancy

Answer 5

secretes E2
redirects PGF2a
requires 2 embryos per horn

Question 6

what maintains luteolysis

Answer 6

luteotrophic

Question 7

describe human pregnancy

Answer 7

hCG
luteotrophic

Question 8

what happens to the CL of dogs and cats when not pregnant? what can this cause

Answer 8

CL does not regress. can cause pseudopregnancy

Question 9

what allows for the recognition of pregnancy

Answer 9

proteins and steroids

Question 10

what are the endocrine functions of the placenta

Answer 10

progesterone
estrogen
hCG
eCG
placental lactogens

Question 11

what are the exchange functions of the placenta

Answer 11

gas
nutrients
waste

Question 12

what is the physical protection functions of the placenta

Answer 12

shock absorption

Question 13

what are the chemical protection functions of the placenta

Answer 13

immunosuppression
toxin filtration

Question 14

describe the yolk membrane

Answer 14

nourishes bird embryo
sources blood and germ cells in mammals

Question 15

describe amnion membrane

Answer 15

non-vascular and fluid-filled
protective cushioning
ruptures at birth

Question 16

describe allantois membrane

Answer 16

blood vessels
fuses with chorion

Question 17

what do allantochion and chorioallontois do

Answer 17

bring blood vessels to the chorion

Question 18

describe chorion membrane

Answer 18

outermost membrane
attaches to dam

Question 19

name the four placental shapes and what animal has them.

Answer 19

cotyledonary- cow, sheep
diffuse- pig, horse
zonary- dog, cat
discoid- human

Question 20

define placentome

Answer 20

site of maternal and fetal nutrient exchange

Question 21

define binucleated giant cells (BNGC)

Answer 21

begin in chorion and move to endometrium

Question 22

what percentage do BNGC of the placenta

Answer 22

20%

Question 23

what do BNGC do

Answer 23

secrete placental lactose and pregnancy-specific B protein

Question 24

define placental lactogen

Answer 24

protein hormone that regulates maternal metabolism
have high levels in the last 1/3 of pregnancy

Question 25

what does placental lactogen stimulate

Answer 25

milk synthesis

Question 26

where is placental lactogen not present

Answer 26

pigs and mares

Question 27

what cow has a higher concentration of placental lactogen

Answer 27

dairy cows

Question 28

define microcotelydons

Answer 28

increases the placental surface area

Question 29

define endometrial cups

Answer 29

maintains the CL and creates new ones to keep P4 levels elevated

Question 30

where do endometrial cups come from

Answer 30

trophoblast and endometrium

Question 31

when do endometrial cups form? when do they go away?

Answer 31

35
100-140

Question 32

define gastrulation

Answer 32

embryo transforms from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells (blastula) into a multi-layer, multi-dimensional structure (gastrula)

Question 33

what are the 3 germ layer

Answer 33

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 34

what does the ectoderm create

Answer 34

CNS, sensory organs, mammary glands, sweat glands, skin, hair, and nails

Question 35

what does the mesoderm create

Answer 35

circulatory, skeletal, muscle, reproductive, kidneys, and urinary ducts

Question 36

what does the endoderm create

Answer 36

digestive, liver, lungs, pancreas, thyroid gland, and amion

Question 37

what makes up fetal tissue

Answer 37

connective tissue
fetal blood vessel
trophectoderm
interstitial membrane

Question 38

what makes up maternal tissue

Answer 38

uterine epithelium
maternal blood vessel
connective tissue
maternal blood