end exam 2

Question 1

describe anestrus in dogs

Answer 1

reproductive quiet, 3 cycles in 2 years, 4-4.5 months

Question 2

describe proestrus in dogs

Answer 2

begins with discharge and swelling, ends when mating occurs, 4-20 days

Question 3

describe estrus in dogs

Answer 3

behavioral, LH and FSH peaks, 3-21days

Question 4

describe diestrus in dogs

Answer 4

can be pregnant or open, open may cause pseudo pregnancy

Question 5

how long does proestrous last in cats

Answer 5

8 days

Question 6

how long does estrus last in cats?

Answer 6

9 days

Question 7

what are the signs of estrus in cats

Answer 7

strong behavior, vocal, lordisis pose, restlessness

Question 8

describe the signs of a mated queen

Answer 8

LH induced, increased progesterone, then decreased, so estrus reforms

Question 9

define anestrus

Answer 9

female does not exhibit estrous for a period, no follicular or luteal activity

Question 10

what are the types of anestrus

Answer 10

gestational
lactational
nursing,
season
stress
pathology
nutrition

Question 11

define appeant anestrous

Answer 11

lack of detection of estrus or pregnancy

Question 12

define gestational anestrus

Answer 12

progesterone is produced during and after pregnancy (neg feedback)

Question 13

what are the species variations of gestational anestrus

Answer 13

mares, alpacas, and llamas

Question 14

what does less melatonin mean for long day breeders

Answer 14

increases GnRH, FSH, and LH

Question 15

what does less melatonin mean for short day breeders

Answer 15

decreases GnRH, FSH, and LH

Question 16

what mammals is lactational anestrus not seen in

Answer 16

mares and alpacas

Question 17

how long can cycling be delayed for in a nursing cow

Answer 17

60 days

Question 18

what other inputs might be involved for lactational anestrus

Answer 18

visual, auditory, and olfactory

Question 19

how is LH levels effected with nerves? without nerves?

Answer 19

LH levels will stay the same

Question 20

define nutritional anestrus

Answer 20

negative energy balance will trigger anestrus
energy demands combine with energy requirements for growth and lactation

Question 21

what must be considered for nutritional anestrus

Answer 21

first-calf lactating heifers

Question 22

when will cycling resume

Answer 22

when energy requirements are restored

Question 23

what are the four major events of follicules

Answer 23

elevated gonadotropin secreted from the anterior pituitary
follicular growth and preparation for ovulation
sexual receptivity
ovulation

Question 24

describe the initiation of follicular growth

Answer 24

luteolysis decreases progesterone and - feedback is removed
GnRH increases amplitude and frequency
LH and FSH initially increase
estradiol increases

Question 25

how long is the follicular phase

Answer 25

about 20% of the cylce

Question 26

how many oocytes are ovulated in the lifespan of a cow if she does not get pregnant

Answer 26

136

Question 27

define superovulation

Answer 27

rescue follicles from undergoing atresia with FSH treatment

Question 28

describe the dynamic of recruitment

Answer 28

phase when a cohort (group) of small antral follicles which grow and secrete estradiol FSH dependent

Question 29

describe the dynamic of selection

Answer 29

recruited follicles are selected to undergo atresia or become dominant

Question 30

describe the dynamic of dominance

Answer 30

large antral follicles in final stage of maturation that inhibits other follicles ovulate- in presence of high LH atresia- in presence of low LH

Question 31

describe the dynamic of atresia

Answer 31

degeneration of follicle prior to ovulation happens to 90% of all follicles

Question 32

what are the 2 stages of inital follicle growth

Answer 32

gonadotropin dependent and independent

Question 33

describe initial growth

Answer 33

50-60 days, does not require FSH, spontanious

Question 34

describe cycle growth

Answer 34

FFSH causes rapid growth of the tertiary follicle