quiz two

Question 1

what is the primary sex organ for males

Answer 1

testis

Question 2

what are the 3 layers of testis? describe them

Answer 2

parietal tunica vaginalis- outermost covering; surrounds testis and attaches to cremaster muscle
visceral tunica vaginalis- thinnest, middlemost layer; contains blood vessels, covers testis and epididymis and connects the two
tunica albuginea- deepest layer; projects into parenchyma and supports seminiferous tubules

Question 3

define parenchyma

Answer 3

the functional tissue of the scrotum

Question 4

define mediastinum

Answer 4

connective tissue core of the testis that houses the rete tubules

Question 5

what are the layers of the testis?(exterior to interior

Answer 5

scrotal skin
tunica dartos
scrotal fascia
parietal vaginal tunica
vaginal cavity
visceral vaginal tunica
tunica albuginea
lobules
mediastinum

Question 6

define seminiferous tubules

Answer 6

the sperm-producing structure in the testis

Question 7

where do lumina cells attach

Answer 7

the basal lamina

Question 8

what are the stages of sperm cells

Answer 8

spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
round spermatid
spermatid
spermatozoan

Question 9

what surrounds tubules

Answer 9

interstitial space

Question 10

what are found in interstitial space? what do they do

Answer 10

leydig cells, which produce testosterone

Question 11

where is interstitial space found

Answer 11

the paranchyma

Question 12

describe the layers of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 12

basement membrane/basal lamina
Sertoli cells
spermatogonia
primary spermatocyte
secondary spermatocyte
spermatid
lumen

Question 13

what are Sertoli cells?

Answer 13

nurse cells that can care for up to 100 sperm and support spermatogenesis

Question 14

describe tight junctions

Answer 14

impermeable junctions that prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space
protects developing sperm

Question 15

do Sertoli cells use tight or gap junctions

Answer 15

tight

Question 16

describe gap junctions

Answer 16

communicating junctions allow ions and molecules to pass for intercellular communication
channels between adjacent cells for nutrients and signals

Question 17

what makes up interstitial space

Answer 17

blood vessels
lymphatics
leydig cells

Question 18

what are the most important cells

Answer 18

leydig, sertoli, and sperm (germ)

Question 19

what are the testis orientation of:
bull
ram
boar
stallion
dog
rabbit

Answer 19

vertical
vertical
oblique
horizontal
oblique
vertical

Question 20

what are secondary sex organs

Answer 20

a series of tubes to convey the sperm cells to the outside

Question 21

what is the tubular organ arrangement

Answer 21

serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa

Question 22

describe the serosa

Answer 22

a membrane consisting of a single layer of simple squamous epithelial cells and a small amount of connective tissue

Question 23

describe muscularis

Answer 23

layers of smooth muscle
- longitudinal: outermost
-circular: innermost
aids in peristaltic contractions

Question 24

describe submucosa

Answer 24

layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis, which contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, glands

Question 25

describe the mucosa

Answer 25

lines body cavities both internally and externally to keep the underlying lamina moist. may have cilia and/or secretory cells

Question 26

describe spermatozoa leaving the testis

Answer 26

it depostits into the rete tubules, then into the vas efferentias, and through the epididymis to the vas deferens

Question 27

what is movement from the epididymis tail triggered by

Answer 27

oxytocin and sexual excitement

Question 28

how many tubules are in the vas efferentia

Answer 28

6-12

Question 29

describe the epididymis

Answer 29

highly convoluted duct smooth muscle rhythmic contractions force the sperm to the tail

Question 30

what are the 5 functions of the epididymis

Answer 30

1. sperm transport- peristaltic-like contractions 2. concentration- fluid absorption in the capat, sperm concentration increases 3. secretion- various segments of the epidermis contributes materials to the fluid 4. storage- cauda functions as the major storage regions; sperm can remain viable for 60 days 5. maturation- sperm are not motile/fertile until the transit through the epididymis

Question 31

what are the 3 parts of the epididymis

Answer 31

head body tail

Question 32

there are ______ epithelial layers in the epididymis compared to the seminiferous tubule

Answer 32

fewer

Question 33

define lumen

Answer 33

opening within a tube

Question 34

what is the orientation of bulls and rams

Answer 34

vertical

Question 35

what is the orientation of equine

Answer 35

horizontal

Question 36

what is the orientation of boars

Answer 36

oblique

Question 37

where do the vas deferent deposit

Answer 37

into the urethra

Question 38

describe the pelvic genitalia

Answer 38

contains muscles for erection and ejaculation

Question 39

what do accessory glands do

Answer 39

produce fluid for ejaculation

Question 40

_______+______= sperm

Answer 40

fluid, spermatozoa

Question 41

what are two types of ejaculation?

Answer 41

uniform, or fractions

Question 42

define ampulla

Answer 42

enlarged area where vas deferens meet the urethra

Question 43

describe seminal vesicles

Answer 43

secretes into the colliculus seminales in the urethra produces large amounts of fluid has alkaline pH to neutralize acidity of the female tract provides fructose to sperm

Question 44

describe the prostate

Answer 44

body protrudes and disseminate surrounds the urethra

Question 45

true or false: all mammals have some form of a prostate

Answer 45

true

Question 46

describe the cowpers gland

Answer 46

secrete muco-proteins that protect against urine in the urethra

Question 47

what sex gland to dogs have

Answer 47

prostate

Question 48

where is the bulb of penis

Answer 48

in the ischium of the pelvis

Question 49

describe the crus penis

Answer 49

opening for arteries to help control blood flow

Question 50

describe the ischiocavernosus muscle

Answer 50

connects to the ischium and contariscrus penis which allows blood vessels to enter the erectile tissue controls blood flow to penis

Question 51

describe the bulbospongiousis muscle

Answer 51

contracts to force ejaculation out of penis

Question 52

where is the glands penis

Answer 52

distal end of the penis

Question 53

what are the two types of gland penises

Answer 53

fibroelastic and muscular vascular

Question 54

describe the corpus spongiosum

Answer 54

prevents urethra from pinching closed to allow sperm to travel

Question 55

describe the corpus cavenosa

Answer 55

produces erection when filled with blood

Question 56

describe the sigmoid flexure

Answer 56

present in FE penis which keeps penis tucked into prepuce s-shaped

Question 57

what happens when the MV penis is engourged with blood

Answer 57

it grows in length and width

Question 58

what are the 8 portions of the uterus anterior to posterior

Answer 58

ovary oviduct uterine horns uterine body cervix anterior vagina vestibule vulva

Question 59

how do liter bearers differ from single-fetus bearers

Answer 59

they have longer uterine horns

Question 60

describe the broad ligament

Answer 60

supports to reproduction walls thick, double layer of connective tissue contains vascular, lymphatic, and nervous supply divided into the mesometrium, mesosapinx, and mesovarium

Question 61

testis:__________ as spermatozoa:___________

Answer 61

ovaries; oocyte

Question 62

what does the endocrine function do

Answer 62

produces estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, activin, inhibin, oxytocin

Question 63

what does the exocrine function do?

Answer 63

helps with female gametes and oocytes

Question 64

describe the steps of follicles changing to corpus luteum

Answer 64

follicles house oocytes and produce estrogen in ovulation, the follicle fills with blood it will mature and become a corpus luteum produces progesterone

Question 65

what is the outer portion of the ovarian structure? the interior?

Answer 65

cortex; medulla

Question 66

where do vessels, nerves, and lymphatics leave and enter?

Answer 66

the hilus

Question 67

describe primordial follicles

Answer 67

simple squamous epithelial layers that surround the oocyte

Question 68

when do females have the most follicles?

Answer 68

as a fetus

Question 69

why do follicle numbers decline with age

Answer 69

follicular atresia

Question 70

what are oocytes lined with

Answer 70

primordial follicles and connective tissues

Question 71

describe secondary follicles

Answer 71

full-sized oocyte

Question 72

describe follicle cells

Answer 72

2 or more layers where cells actively divide for proliferation

Question 73

describe the zona pellucida

Answer 73

a cellular glycoprotein layer secreted from the oocyte

Question 74

leydig cells:__________

Answer 74

theca externa cells

Question 75

what do theca interna cells do

Answer 75

recept to LH and produce androgens

Question 76

describe grandulosa cells

Answer 76

receptors for FSH and produces estrogen, activin, and inhibin produces fluid to form atrium

Question 77

what surrounds the oocyte

Answer 77

cumulus oophorus

Question 78

describe the Graafian follicle

Answer 78

largest follicle, blister-like sits in the hillock