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2025 Nutrition > Exam 3: Lecture 25: Pig nutrition 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lecture 25: Pig nutrition 2 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Which nutrients do pigs not use for a major energy source
- for high feed efficiency, dont feed high fiber feeds

A

fiber

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2
Q

Which nutrient do pigs use for energy

A

feed digestible carbohydrates (corn grain) and some fat

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3
Q

Pigs have no specific requirements for proteins, but rather than a requirement for?

A

amino acids

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4
Q

What do pigs use for energy

A

corn

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5
Q

We can supplement pigs with high quality amino acid sources - what would be a high quality source of amino acids?

A
  1. SBM
  2. Meat + Bone meal
    - vitamins
    - minerals
    - water
    - fats, by products and feed additives
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6
Q

Corn and grain sarghum are cereal grains and fats that are used for deitary energy for pigs. Which two grains are mostly chosen on price

A

Wheat and Barley

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7
Q

T/F: Grains have varying amino acid profiles

A

true

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8
Q

_____ are often added to diets (3-5% of dry matter as pigs reach finishing diets)

A

fats

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9
Q

Cereal by-products are more variable in quality.

  • Less palatable = higher amounts = ?
A

more negative effect on intake

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10
Q

There are a concern over pork quaity with _______ (soft pork)

A

DDGS

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11
Q

Addition of ______ above 5% will improve ADG but causes feed handling problems (bridging / caking) in pigs

A

fats

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12
Q

What can be used to prevent rancidity with prolonged storage or high temperatues (BHT, ethoxyquin, etc.)

A

Antioxidants

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13
Q

Pigs deposit fat with some fatty acid pofiles as dietary fat, so high unsaturated fat =

A

soft pork / soft fat

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14
Q

What are the effects of fat for pigs

A
  • 3-5% can improve feed conversion and often ADG
  • 1-2% fat reduces dust and imporves flow of feed in equiptment when mixing
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15
Q

How would you describe the fat on the left

A

normal fat

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16
Q

How would you describe the fat on the right

A

Soft fat
- make pork bellies difficult to slice for bacon
- fat easily smears

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17
Q

For pigs, evaluate amino acid composition in feed componets for how closley they match requirements for particular ?

A

amino acids

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18
Q

How many essential amino acids are required in the diet for pigs

A

10 essential amino acids

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19
Q

Most cereal grains are limited in which 4 dietary amino acids

A
  • lysine
  • tryptophan
  • theronine
  • methioine
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20
Q

In pigs, most important to evaluate souces for ______
- requirements for pigs described as SID lysine (standardized idal digestable lysine)

A

lysine

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21
Q

What is the SID lysine requirements for 5-10kg pigs

A

1.35 - 1.40%

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22
Q

What is the SID lysine requirement for 10-25 kg pigs

A

1.30%

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23
Q

For older / heavier pigs, requirements are described as a ration of SID lysine:_____

A

Lysine:energy

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24
Q

Amino acids availability varies by feed source
- by-products and heavily processed feeds are highly variable in ______ availability

A

amino acids

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25
Which two amino acids are 100% digestible for pigs
crystalline / synthetic amino acids - amino acids soures may be of animal or plant origin
26
_______ approximates the AA profile of animal tissue - **can be used as sole protein source in most diets**
Soybean mean (SBM)
27
Baby pigs starter diets need animal protein as amino acid sources (why or blood products). What issues do pigs have after weaning with SBM
issues with SBM digestability after weaning
28
Plant beeeder for pigs have adressed the issue of limitation of energy and lysine in what type of diets?
corn/soybean based diets
29
Plant beeeder for pigs have adressed the issue of limitation of energy and lysine in corn/soybean based diets - **high corn oil (_______ vs _____%) widley available**
**6.5% to 3.5%**
30
Plant beeeder for pigs have adressed the issue of limitation of energy and lysine in corn/SBM based diets - **high ______ corn (0.30% vs 0.26%)**
**high lysine corn**
31
Using enchanced grains for a typical finishing period this woudl provide _____lbs of added fat and saces 20lb of SBM
50lbs
32
Ideal particale size for pigs should be 700-800 microns. What can be done to improve feed digestability for fibrous grains such as barley
grinding
33
**Extremly fine particles around ______ microns may cause an increase in gastric ulcers**
around 460 microns
34
In pigs, dusty feeds resulting from fine grinding can?
- reduce intake - cause briding in feeders - increase respiratory problems - increase feed processing costs
35
Are are the major minerals for pigs?
Ca + P
36
It is impotant to have correct Ca levels. Excess Ca can cause?
parakeratosis - increase Ca levels interfere with Zn absorption
37
Increase in Ca levels interferes with _____ absoprtion
Zn
38
it is important to have correct Ca levels. Major mistakes in Ca and P can lead to? (What can happen due to deficiency)
- rickets and other bone disorders
39
Phosphorus availability is a big issue in pigs. What percentage of P in plants is in the form **phytate**
50-70%
40
What is used in the body to break down phytate?
Phytase
41
Manure excretion of _____ is a big enviornmental issue
P
42
What is the Ca and P requirements for growing pigs 25-50kg
0.66% 0.56%
43
Ca and P requirement ratio should be 1.25:1 or close to ____ for all classes of pigs
1:1
44
When _____ is added to the pigs diet was must be available
NaCl
45
How are trace minerals provided to animals
vitamin/mineral pre-mixes
46
What are the fat soluble vitamins for pigs?
A, D, E, and K
47
What are the water soluble vitamins for pigs?
water soluble B complex vitamins
48
What is the shelf life for vitamins
around 60 days shelf life
49
For pigs, water should be available Ad libitum, pigs consume up to ____ lbs of water for every 1lb of dry feed
10lbs - As DM increase = water consumption increases
50
Lactating sows need atleast _____ gallons/day of water available to them
5 gallon/day
51
What growth promotats can be used in finishing diets and yields about 3 kilograms of additional lean pork and improves feed efficiency by 10% - banned in europe union, china, russia, Japan and korea - **Most major pork processors have now banned the use**
Paylean (ractopamine)
52
What bill is defined below - effective january 1,2017 strict rules regulate how medically impotant antibiotics can be administered to animals in feed and drinking water - FDA requires veterinary oversight when medically important antibiotics are administered to food animal species - prescription required - Ensures responsible use of antibiotic in animals
Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD)
53
What bill is defined below - removes production uses for antibiotics (growth promotion, feed efficiency) that are medically important
Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD)
54
Individual mineral and vitamin deficiency disease are now ____
rare
55
**Most nutritional problems in pigs occur when?**
- **gross mismanagement in the preparation of pre-mixes** - **prolonged storage of feed under adverse conditions** - **incorrect mixing**
56
What are the two classic disease that can still occur in dogs?
- salt poisoning (commercial and pet pigs) - Mulberry heart disease (vitamin E and selenium deficiency) (fluid in peri-cardial sac + fibrous tissue around the heart)
57
________ in corn have compouds that produced by molds
Mycotoxins
58
What toxin is the greatest effect on growing and nursey pigs
vomitoxin
59
What toxin has little effect on growing and finishing pigs
Zeralanone
60
Feed contaminated grain to growing cattle instead can safely consume up to _____ amount compared to swine
10X
61
Mycotoxins can be diluted with clean grains and feed to later stage _____ pigs
finishin
62
What mineral is usually unavailable as phytate in plant feed sources?
Phosphorus
63
Adult pot bellied pigs can weight up to?
70-150lbs
64
Feeding balanced diets can be purchased (starter, grower maintenance) as crumbles or pellets (mannapro). - Divide feed into at least two meals a day - diet for commerical pig production should be avoided for pet pigs - **Limit feed!!! recommendation is to feed ____% of ideal weight per day**
2% of ideal body weight per day
65
What should be fed to potbellied pigs to prevent urolithiasis
feed urinary acidifiers
66
For pot bellied pigs, what can you use as a supplement for satisfy their appetitie
Greens - leafy greens - alfalfa - green grass - fruits in limited amounts
67
Adult mini-pigs can weight up to?
50-150lbs - mature weight depends heavily on size of parents
68
For mini-pigs, commercial starter, grower and maintenance pelleted chow diets formulated specifically for mini pigs - following feeding directions - generally feed about ____% of BW - newborn- bottle-fed milk replacer and offered starter feed
2% of BW
69
For mini-pigs you can offer small amounts of fresh of frozen vegetables and fruit, but what should be avoided?
avoid starchy foods - offery hay and limit treats
70
For mini pigs starter diet is up to 7 weeks and growers from _____ to ____ weeks up to 1 year
8-16 weeks

2025 Nutrition (34 decks)

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