Exam 3: Lecture 28: Poultry nutrition

Question 1

T/F: chicken, turkey, and ducks are raised in large numbers for consumption

Answer 1

true!

Question 2

why did poultry production change after discovery of vitamin D supplementation

Answer 2

because sunlight is no longer needed and production can be moved inside

Question 3

Why was poultry originally grown mainly for eggs and meat as a by-product

Answer 3

because we used to eat a lot more beef and pigs

Question 4

when did we start producing poultry more for meat than eggs

Answer 4

in 1950s

Question 5

what is a hen

Answer 5

female adult

Question 6

what is a rooster

Answer 6

male adult

Question 7

what is a pullet

Answer 7

immature female chick

Question 8

what is a cockerel

Answer 8

immature male chick

Question 9

what is a chick

Answer 9

baby male or female

Question 10

what is a dual-purpose chicken

Answer 10

a chicken breed used for either meat or egg production

Question 11

what is a non-setting bird

Answer 11

hen that doesn’t want to incubate eggs

Question 12

what is a broody bird

Answer 12

hen wanting to incubate eggs

Question 13

how long do poultry lay eggs and set for

Answer 13

about 21 days

Question 14

what is the most commonly used breed in commercial egg production

Answer 14

usually white leghorns

Question 15

what breed is most commonly used for commercial meat production

Answer 15

cornish cross

Question 16

what 2 breeds are cornish cross made from

Answer 16

cornish chicken crossed with white rock

Question 17

what are some other popular breeds to consider for backyard flocks

Answer 17

Plymouth rock, wyandotte, orpington, buff brahma, ameraucana, rhode island reds

Question 18

what does it mean that the poultry industry is vertically integrated

Answer 18

independent contractors raise birds on a per pound basis with incentives to maximize feed efficiency and minimize death loss

Question 19

what are the 3 biggest poultry procedures

Answer 19

tyson, gold kist, pilgrims pride

Question 20

what type of birds are usually used in breeding stock

Answer 20

most are cornish rocks or cornish crosses

Question 21

what does pullet farm mean

Answer 21

raised females from hatching to puberty

Question 22

why do breeding farms use restricted feeding programs

Answer 22

to prevent hens from getting too fat

Question 23

what is a hatchery and what do they do

Answer 23

incubate eggs, sort chicks by gender, and vaccinate

Question 24

what type of birds are in a broiler farm

Answer 24

full grown chickens in about 6 weeks, weigh about 3.5 lbs to 5.5 lbs

Question 25

This is the average house size used in the poultry industry. How big is it and how many birdies can it hold?

Answer 25

40 by 400 ft can hold 11,000 chickens

Question 26

what are the 3 phases to feeding broiler chickens

Answer 26

starter diets for about 2 weeks, grower diets for about 2-3 weeks, finishing diets for about 2 weeks

Question 27

what does a starter diet for broiler chickens look like

Answer 27

about 22-25% CP, lysine and methionine are adequate, and about 1425 kcal/lb of feed

Question 28

what is the CP % for grower diets

Answer 28

about 21-23% CP

Question 29

what is the CP % for finishing diets

Answer 29

about 19-21% CP

Question 30

how does the energy concentration of diet impact DMI for broiler chickens

Answer 30

intake of lower energy diets will be high (they eat more)

Question 31

what is the first limiting AA in a typical corn-soy bean meal for broiler chickens

Answer 31

usually methionine

Question 32

T/F: Glycine and serine are ESSENTIAL for growing chickens

Answer 32

true

Question 33

what are the different phases of feeding layer hens

Answer 33

1. starter diet until 6 weeks old 2. grower diet from 6 weeks old to sexual maturity 3. developer diet from 12 weeks to 5% egg production 4. layer phase 1 5. layer phase 2 6. layer phase 3

Question 34

what do we avoid in starter diets for feeding laying chicken

Answer 34

avoid any deficiency or imbalances

Question 35

how much do pullets weigh when they are on a grower diet

Answer 35

about 3.25 lbs

Question 36

what happens in layer phase 1

Answer 36

still growing and increase in egg production

Question 37

what happens in layer phase 2

Answer 37

start to decrease in egg production but increase egg weight

Question 38

what happens in layer phase 3

Answer 38

start decrease output and only slight increase for egg weights

Question 39

what is the Ca:P ratio needed for strong eggshells

Answer 39

12:1 ratio

Question 40

T/F: 15-18% CP for layers with adequate essential AAs

Answer 40

true!!

Question 41

what is forced molting

Answer 41

restrict feed and light will force hens to molt which lasts about 3-6 weeks

Question 42

what does molting increase for hens

Answer 42

it increases rate of egg production

Question 43

which step of the supply chain raises young female chickens for breeding? A. breeding farm B. Hatchery C. Pullet farm D. Broiler farm

Answer 43

C. Pullet farm

Question 44

what causes rickets in young meat birds

Answer 44

due to imbalance in Ca, P, or vitamin D

Question 45

what is tibial dyschondroplasia in poultry

Answer 45

abnormal cartilage mass in proximal head of tibiotarsus and have disrupted blood supply to growth plate leading to lack of normal ossification

Question 46

what are the clinical signs of tibial dyschondroplasia and what age do we see it

Answer 46

signs - reluctant to walk, stiff gait, swaying age - see signs at about 14-25 days old

Question 47

what is cage layer fatigue

Answer 47

paralysis during/following high egg production, vertebra fractures due to impaired Ca flux

Question 48

what is manganese deficiency

Answer 48

calcium or phosphorus is too high and impairs Mn absorption

Question 49

what is perosis caused by manganese deficiency

Answer 49

enlargement and malformation of tibiometatarsal joint, thickening and shortening of leg bones, slippage of gastrocnemius tendon

Question 50

what causes encephalomalacia

Answer 50

seen if low or absent vit E, high fat, lack of antioxidants

Question 51

what causes exudative diathesis

Answer 51

deficient in both vitamin E and selenium

Question 52

what causes muscular distrophy

Answer 52

lack of sulfur AA and vit E

Question 53

what can cause egg binding (dystocia)

Answer 53

Ca deficiency, chronic egg laying, genetic, inappropriate environment, or other husbandry issues

Question 54

what are the signs of egg binding (dystocia)

Answer 54

reluctant to move, depressed, eyes closed, dyspnea, abdomen distended

Question 55

what is the treatmet for egg binding

Answer 55

keep in warm humid area, fluids, parental Ca, analgesia, oxytocin, or use anesthesia to lubricate cloaca and apply pressure from sternum to egg to encourage descent

Question 56

why do we have to be very careful if we use pressure technique for egg binding hens

Answer 56

we have to make sure we do not break the egg inside the hen

Question 57

what is a broody hen

Answer 57

broodiness controlled by instinct, hormones, and lighting conditions

Question 58

what does breaking a set mean

Answer 58

place hen in wire bottom cage raised off of the floor in a well-lit location and have cool air circulate to cool her down

Question 59

T/F: broody hens eat 80% less during a set and it is best to feed a chick starter diet for whenever they do eat

Answer 59

true!!

Question 60

what age are starter rations used for

Answer 60

hatching to 6 weeks old

Question 61

what age are grower rations used

Answer 61

6 weeks to 18 weeks

Question 62

what age are layer rations used

Answer 62

18 weeks and older

Question 63

T/F: nutritional deficiencies do not show up quickly in birds so it is not that imperative to feed properly

Answer 63

false, the deficiencies show up QUICKLY

Question 64

which disorder could be due to impaired Calcium flux? A. rickets B. tibial dyschondroplasia C. perosis D. cage layer fatigue

Answer 64

D. cage layer fatigue