Exam 3 - nervous system pathology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Exam 3 - nervous system pathology Deck (33)
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1
Q

Coup and counter coup

A

coup = initial blow. site of impact

countercoup = opposite site of impact

2
Q

Epidural hematoma

A
  • arterial bleed
  • btwn bone and dura
  • crescent-shaped on scans
3
Q

Subdural hematoma

A
  • venous bleed
  • btwn dura and arachnoid membrane (takes shape of brain)
  • *slowly enlarging clot
  • *consciousness fluctuates
4
Q

pt has a massive midline shift and follows shape of brain. what bleed is this?

A

Subdural hematoma

5
Q

TBI 2 phases

A

phase 1 = rotational forces. (hallmark of TBI)

phase 2 = inflammatory

6
Q

Global hypoxic injury

A
  • not enough oxygen to brain
  • cerebral atrophy -> apoptosis of neurons = **RED NEURONS
  • watershed zones infarct
7
Q

What are the signs of a stroke?

A

FAST!!

  • face fallen on one side
  • arms - cannot raise
  • speech - slurred
  • time! to call 911
8
Q

Thrombotic stroke

A

MCA most common location

-pale infarctions on exam

9
Q

Embolic stroke

A
  • ischemic due to embolus

- aka hemorrhagic stroke (***looks red)

10
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A
  • HTN cause stress. get microaneurysms. ruptures. hemorrhage

- basal ganglia

11
Q

Worst headache of life

A

=berry aneurysm

12
Q

Stepwise progression of stroke symptoms

A

lacunar infarct

13
Q

Anencephaly

A

absence of most of brain and skull

14
Q

spina bifida

A

fetal spinal column doesnt close

15
Q

meningocele

A

herniation of meninges thru spinal column defect

16
Q

meningomyelocele

A

herniation of meninges and spinal cord thru spinal column defect

17
Q

Extension of the medulla and cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum =

A

Arnold-Chiari malformation

18
Q

partial or complete absence of cerebellar vermis =

A

Dandy-Walker malformation

19
Q

Syringomyelia

A
  • cyst in spinal cord

- loss of pain and temp sensation in arms and upper pec area

20
Q

MS

A
  • most common demyelinated disease

- Pathogenesis is T helper cell mediated

21
Q

younger to middle aged female comes in with blurry vision and difficulty with urination what auto immune disorder should you be looking for?

A

MS!!!

22
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri

A

-idiopathic intracranial HTN
-diagnosis of exclusion
-Edema around optic nerve
Goal: lower CSF pressure

23
Q

Wernicke vs korsakoff

A

Wernicke = reversible

Korsakoff = irreversible

24
Q

Meningitis

A
  • inflammation of pia mater
  • starts with blood infection
  • have fever, stiff neck, headache
25
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain parenchyma

-fever, headache, impaired mental status

26
Q

Primary brain tumors in kids vs adults

A

kids = majority below tentorium cerebelli ***

adults = majority above tentorium cerebelli ***

27
Q

Astrocytoma (kid/adult location)

A

-most common neuroglial tumor

kids = cerebellum
adults = frontal lobe
28
Q

Glioblastoma

A
  • high grade astrocytoma

- crosses corpus callosum

29
Q

Common cause of new seizures

A

meningioma

30
Q

Apendymoma (kids/adults location)

A

adults = cauda equina

kids = fourth ventricle

31
Q

medulloblastoma

A
  • malig
  • small cell
  • likes to seed the neuroaxis (invade other areas)
32
Q

Oligodendroglioma

A
  • benign

- fried egg cells

33
Q

Lymphoma in CNS majority are

A

metastatic non-Hodgkins