Exam 4- Female Reproductive Histology

Question 1

what are the primary germ cells in females?

Answer 1

oogonia

Question 2

what forms the follicles?

Answer 2

oocyte (cluster oogonia) and surrounding granulosa cells

Question 3

when does meiosis start in females?

Answer 3

at gestation

Question 4

at what stage do oocytes remain until sexual maturity?

Answer 4

prophase I of meiosis I

Question 5

what does it mean that females have unequal cytokinesis?

Answer 5

majority of cytoplasm to secondary oocyte
small daughter cell- first polar body

Question 6

does meiosis finish without fertilization?

Answer 6

no- not meiosis II

Question 7

at what stage is the oocyte arrested in most mammals?

Answer 7

metaphase II- has first polar body with secondary oocyte

Question 8

do ova with their second polar bodies occur in the ovary?

Answer 8

no- fertilized and in the oviduct

Question 9

what is the outermost layer of the ovary?

Answer 9

germinal epithelium

Question 10

is the primary follicle responsive to hormones or gondadotropins?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what do luteal cells produce in the corpus luteum?

Answer 11

progesterone

Question 12

what develops in the secondary follicle/late primary?

Answer 12

zona pelucida
theca cells

Question 13

is the secondary follicle responsive to hormones and gonadotropins?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what does aromatase produced by the granulosa cells do?

Answer 14

converts androgens to estrogen

Question 15

where does fertilization take place?

Answer 15

ampulla of oviduct

Question 16

where does capacitation take place in many animals?

Answer 16

isthmus of oviduct

Question 17

what are the three layers of the oviduct?

Answer 17

inner mucosal layer
middle muscular layer
outer serosal layer

Question 18

what two main cell types are in the mucosa of the oviduct?

Answer 18

simple columnar ciliated epithelial cells
secretory epithelial cells called “peg” cells

Question 19

what makes up the muscular layer of the oviduct?

Answer 19

inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer

Question 20

what are the three main layers of the uterus?

Answer 20

mucosal: endometrium
fibromuscular: myometrium
outer serosal layer: perimetrium

Question 21

what are the two layers of the endometrium?

Answer 21

epithelium
lamina propria

Question 22

what are the three layers of the myometrium of the uterus?

Answer 22

stratum submucosum
stratum vasculare
stratum subserosum

Question 23

does the cervix have a muscularis layer?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is the uterine response to estrogen?

Answer 24

mucosa thickens
uterine glands elongate
myometrium becomes contractile

Question 25

is the cervix secretory?

Answer 25

during estrus and pregnancy

Question 26

what are the layers of the vagina?

Answer 26

tunica mucosa tunica muscularis tunica serosa

Question 27

what happens in the vagina during estrus (and proestrus)?

Answer 27

epithelium thickens and cornifies

Question 28

what are the secretory units of mammary glands?

Answer 28

alveoli

Question 29

where does each lactiferous duct empty into?

Answer 29

individual teat canal

Question 30

what are the secretory cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells in the alveoli responsive to?

Answer 30

prolactin

Question 31

what are the fetal membranes?

Answer 31

amnion chorion yolk sac allantois

Question 32

what are the classifications of placentas based on gross shape?

Answer 32

diffuse cotyledonary zonary discoid

Question 33

who has binucleate giant cells?

Answer 33

ruminants

Question 34

how many large blood vessels are in the umbilical cord?

Answer 34

four

Question 35

how can you recognize a primordial follicle?

Answer 35

surrounded by single layer of flat stromal cells contain primary oocytes

Question 36

in what phase are primary oocytes arrested?

Answer 36

prophase I of meiosis I

Question 37

how can you recognize a primary follicle? what does it contain?

Answer 37

single layer cuboidal granulosa cells surround primary oocyte

Question 38

how can you recognize a secondary follicle?

Answer 38

multiple layers granulosa cells development zona pellucida and theca cells

Question 39

how can you recognize a tertiary follicle?

Answer 39

antrum develops theca interna and externa differentiate

Question 40

what does the theca interna produce?

Answer 40

androgens/testosterone

Question 41

when does the oocyte complete meiosis I?

Answer 41

graafian follicle

Question 42

what do mural (granulosa) cells produce?

Answer 42

aromatase

Question 43

what performs luteolysis?

Answer 43

prostaglandin F2alpha

Question 44

who secretes placental lactogen?

Answer 44

ruminants