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OSSF 2 > Exam 4- Histology Male > Flashcards

Exam 4- Histology Male Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two parts of the vaginal tunic?

A

parietal part
visceral part

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2
Q

does the vaginal process in the female dog go through the inguinal canal?

A

yes

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3
Q

is the cremaster muscle outside of the parietal vaginal tunic?

A

yes

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4
Q

what are the layers of the scrotum?

A

skin
tunica dartos
spermatic fascia
parietal vaginal tunic
vaginal cavity
visceral vaginal tunic
tunica albuginea

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5
Q

____ is a connection between the seminiferous tubules and efferent tubules

A

rete

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6
Q

what is at the edges of the seminiferous tubules?

A

basal lamina with smooth muscle/myoid cells (peritubular cells)

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7
Q

what do you need to generate future sperm?

A

spermatogonia

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8
Q

what is the order of substances/cells that are most susceptible to damage?

A

sperm>spermatogonia>sertoli cells>leydig cells

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9
Q

what are the two cell types for spermatocytogenesis?

A

spermatogonia
spermatocytes

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10
Q

what type of division do spermatogonia undergo?

A

mitotic

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11
Q

what type of division do spermatocytes undergo?

A

meiosis I and II

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12
Q

what does the final division of spermatogonia type B result in?

A

primary spermatocytes

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13
Q

when does meiosis in spermatocytes start?

A

puberty

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14
Q

are primary spermatocytes visible in cross sections and where do they lie?

A

yes- always
not next to basal lamina

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15
Q

what is the chromatin pattern for primary spermatocytes?

A

condensed due to prolonged prophase I of meiosis

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16
Q

why are secondary spermatocytes rarely seen in histological sections?

A

complete meiosis II rapidly

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17
Q

what is spermiogenesis?

A

transformation from round spermatids to sperm

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18
Q

what specifically happens in spermiogenesis?

A

acrosomal cap and granules
centrioles: implantation site and axoneme
elongation nucleus
migration mitochondria to midpiece
flagella

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19
Q

what are the nuclear changes in spermiogenesis?

A

nucleus elongated and chromatin condensed

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20
Q

when do the cytoplasmic bridges between sperm break down?

A

spermiation

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21
Q

where are sertoli cells located?

A

extend from basement membrane to luminal surface

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22
Q

what do sertoli cells do?

A

form tight junctions- blood-testis barrier
produce AMH/MIS in fetus and adult and androgen binding protein (ABP) (and others)

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23
Q

where are leydig cells located?

A

between seminiferous tubules

24
Q

what do leydig cells produce?

A

testosterone and estrogens under control of LH

25
Q

what are the cells in the efferent ducts?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium
smooth muscle cells surround
short absorptive cells
taller ciliated cells

26
Q

what are the epithelial cells in the epididymis called? Do they have apical modifications?

A

principal cells
yes- stereocilia

27
Q

where is there a thick muscular layer in the male reproductive tract?

A

ductus deferens/vas deferens

28
Q

what is the mucosa in the ductus deferens?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long stereocilia

29
Q

in what species is the vesicular gland an actual sac instead of a coiling tube?

A

horse

30
Q

where do the tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate empty into?

A

independent excretory ducts

31
Q

what are the cells that line the secretory ducts of the dog prostate?

A

simple columnar epithelium then transitional epithelium near openings of ducts into urethra

32
Q

does the cat prostate encircle the urethra?

A

no

33
Q

what is the bulbourethral gland like in the pig?

A

huge gland runs length of pelvic urethra dorsal to urethra

34
Q

what erectile tissue surrounds the urethra in the dog?

A

corpus spongiosum

35
Q

what surrounds the corpus cavernosum?

A

tunica albuginea

36
Q

what keeps the walls of the blood sinuses of erectile tissue toned and spaces small?

A

sympathetic tone

37
Q

where is the rete located?

A

in the mediastinum

38
Q

what forms the primordial germ cells in the testis?

A

spermatogonia

39
Q

what connects cells from a common progenitor in the testis?

A

cytoplasmic bridges

40
Q

how are round spermatids formed?

A

secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II

41
Q

true/false: round spermatids and elongated spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic bridges

A

true

42
Q

what is formed in elongated spermatids?

A

acrosome cap and tail

43
Q

what do centrioles form in spermiogenesis?

A

implantation site
axoneme

44
Q

what are the components of the sperm midpiece/tail?

A

capitulum
midpiece
tail

45
Q

what are proximal cytoplasmic droplets found on ejaculated sperm considered to be?

A

sperm defects

46
Q

where is the tunica albuginea located in relation to the visceral vaginal tunic?

A

right underneath

47
Q

how can you identify primary spermatocytes?

A

do not lie next to basal lamina
condensed chromatin, can sometimes see mitotic figures
larger than spermatogonia

48
Q

after meiosis, what is the specialized process for differentiation that spermatids go through to become mature spermatozoa?

A

spermiogenesis

49
Q

where do sperm develop in relation to sertoli cells?

A

in between them

50
Q

what apical modification do principal cells in the epididymis have?

A

stereocilia

51
Q

what animals have only a body of the prostate?

A

dog
cat
stallion

52
Q

what animals have only a disseminate part of the prostate?

A

small ruminants

53
Q

what glands make up the bulbourethral gland?

A

compound tubular glands in boar and cat
tubulo-alveolar glands in stallion, bull, and ram

54
Q

what region in the male reproductive tract has cilia (not stereocilia)?

A

efferent ducts

55
Q

what is in the midpiece of the sperm?

A

mitochondria arranged in a helix over axoneme

OSSF 2 (19 decks)

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