Exam 4- Histology Male

Question 1

what are the two parts of the vaginal tunic?

Answer 1

parietal part
visceral part

Question 2

does the vaginal process in the female dog go through the inguinal canal?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

is the cremaster muscle outside of the parietal vaginal tunic?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what are the layers of the scrotum?

Answer 4

skin
tunica dartos
spermatic fascia
parietal vaginal tunic
vaginal cavity
visceral vaginal tunic
tunica albuginea

Question 5

____ is a connection between the seminiferous tubules and efferent tubules

Answer 5

rete

Question 6

what is at the edges of the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 6

basal lamina with smooth muscle/myoid cells (peritubular cells)

Question 7

what do you need to generate future sperm?

Answer 7

spermatogonia

Question 8

what is the order of substances/cells that are most susceptible to damage?

Answer 8

sperm>spermatogonia>sertoli cells>leydig cells

Question 9

what are the two cell types for spermatocytogenesis?

Answer 9

spermatogonia
spermatocytes

Question 10

what type of division do spermatogonia undergo?

Answer 10

mitotic

Question 11

what type of division do spermatocytes undergo?

Answer 11

meiosis I and II

Question 12

what does the final division of spermatogonia type B result in?

Answer 12

primary spermatocytes

Question 13

when does meiosis in spermatocytes start?

Answer 13

puberty

Question 14

are primary spermatocytes visible in cross sections and where do they lie?

Answer 14

yes- always
not next to basal lamina

Question 15

what is the chromatin pattern for primary spermatocytes?

Answer 15

condensed due to prolonged prophase I of meiosis

Question 16

why are secondary spermatocytes rarely seen in histological sections?

Answer 16

complete meiosis II rapidly

Question 17

what is spermiogenesis?

Answer 17

transformation from round spermatids to sperm

Question 18

what specifically happens in spermiogenesis?

Answer 18

acrosomal cap and granules
centrioles: implantation site and axoneme
elongation nucleus
migration mitochondria to midpiece
flagella

Question 19

what are the nuclear changes in spermiogenesis?

Answer 19

nucleus elongated and chromatin condensed

Question 20

when do the cytoplasmic bridges between sperm break down?

Answer 20

spermiation

Question 21

where are sertoli cells located?

Answer 21

extend from basement membrane to luminal surface

Question 22

what do sertoli cells do?

Answer 22

form tight junctions- blood-testis barrier
produce AMH/MIS in fetus and adult and androgen binding protein (ABP) (and others)

Question 23

where are leydig cells located?

Answer 23

between seminiferous tubules

Question 24

what do leydig cells produce?

Answer 24

testosterone and estrogens under control of LH

Question 25

what are the cells in the efferent ducts?

Answer 25

pseudostratified columnar epithelium smooth muscle cells surround short absorptive cells taller ciliated cells

Question 26

what are the epithelial cells in the epididymis called? Do they have apical modifications?

Answer 26

principal cells yes- stereocilia

Question 27

where is there a thick muscular layer in the male reproductive tract?

Answer 27

ductus deferens/vas deferens

Question 28

what is the mucosa in the ductus deferens?

Answer 28

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long stereocilia

Question 29

in what species is the vesicular gland an actual sac instead of a coiling tube?

Answer 29

horse

Question 30

where do the tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate empty into?

Answer 30

independent excretory ducts

Question 31

what are the cells that line the secretory ducts of the dog prostate?

Answer 31

simple columnar epithelium then transitional epithelium near openings of ducts into urethra

Question 32

does the cat prostate encircle the urethra?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what is the bulbourethral gland like in the pig?

Answer 33

huge gland runs length of pelvic urethra dorsal to urethra

Question 34

what erectile tissue surrounds the urethra in the dog?

Answer 34

corpus spongiosum

Question 35

what surrounds the corpus cavernosum?

Answer 35

tunica albuginea

Question 36

what keeps the walls of the blood sinuses of erectile tissue toned and spaces small?

Answer 36

sympathetic tone

Question 37

where is the rete located?

Answer 37

in the mediastinum

Question 38

what forms the primordial germ cells in the testis?

Answer 38

spermatogonia

Question 39

what connects cells from a common progenitor in the testis?

Answer 39

cytoplasmic bridges

Question 40

how are round spermatids formed?

Answer 40

secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II

Question 41

true/false: round spermatids and elongated spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic bridges

Answer 41

true

Question 42

what is formed in elongated spermatids?

Answer 42

acrosome cap and tail

Question 43

what do centrioles form in spermiogenesis?

Answer 43

implantation site axoneme

Question 44

what are the components of the sperm midpiece/tail?

Answer 44

capitulum midpiece tail

Question 45

what are proximal cytoplasmic droplets found on ejaculated sperm considered to be?

Answer 45

sperm defects

Question 46

where is the tunica albuginea located in relation to the visceral vaginal tunic?

Answer 46

right underneath

Question 47

how can you identify primary spermatocytes?

Answer 47

do not lie next to basal lamina condensed chromatin, can sometimes see mitotic figures larger than spermatogonia

Question 48

after meiosis, what is the specialized process for differentiation that spermatids go through to become mature spermatozoa?

Answer 48

spermiogenesis

Question 49

where do sperm develop in relation to sertoli cells?

Answer 49

in between them

Question 50

what apical modification do principal cells in the epididymis have?

Answer 50

stereocilia

Question 51

what animals have only a body of the prostate?

Answer 51

dog cat stallion

Question 52

what animals have only a disseminate part of the prostate?

Answer 52

small ruminants

Question 53

what glands make up the bulbourethral gland?

Answer 53

compound tubular glands in boar and cat tubulo-alveolar glands in stallion, bull, and ram

Question 54

what region in the male reproductive tract has cilia (not stereocilia)?

Answer 54

efferent ducts

Question 55

what is in the midpiece of the sperm?

Answer 55

mitochondria arranged in a helix over axoneme