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OSSF 2 > Exam 4- Male Reproductive Physiology I > Flashcards

Exam 4- Male Reproductive Physiology I Flashcards

1
Q

from what do sertoli cells originate?

A

pluripotent coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge

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2
Q

what do sperm originate from?

A

spermatogonia

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3
Q

what do leydig cells originate from?

A

mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

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4
Q

what do leydig/interstitial cells produce?

A

testosterone

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5
Q

what do sertoli/sustentacular cells produce?

A

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)/mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)
inhibin
estrogen
androgen-binding protein (ABP)

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6
Q

what gonadotropins/hormones does the hypothalamus produce?

A

GnRH
LH and FSH
prolactin
oxytocin
vasopressin
estrogen from testosterone via aromatase

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7
Q

what areas of the brain are involved in reproduction?

A

pituitary/hypothalamus

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8
Q

what is the tonic center of the hypothalamus?

A

important in male
small frequent surges of GnRH from hypothalamus induce LH which stimulates production testosterone

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9
Q

what is the surge center of the hypothalamus?

A

important in female
high amplitude surge GnRH leads to large surge LH which leads to ovulation

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10
Q

what is puberty?

A

age at which majority of males in given breed/species/population exhibit sufficient size and libido and produce adequate sperm to produce pregnancies

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11
Q

how does testosterone defeminize the hypothalamus?

A

fetal testes produce
aromatase converts to estradiol
estradiol eliminates surge center
alpha-fetoprotein binds estradiol (gonadal) to prevent from crossing blood-brain barrier

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12
Q

what binds to estradiol and prevents it from crossing the blood-brain barrier?

A

alpha-fetoprotein

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13
Q

what does androgen binding protein do?

A

binds to testosterone
increases concentration testosterone in seminiferous tubules which is necessary for spermatogenesis to occur

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14
Q

what are the factors that lead to puberty?

A

metabolic: major
environmental/social cues
genetics/breed

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15
Q

how is puberty inhibited?

A

GnRH neurons
tonic center only
decreased sensitivity as puberty approaches

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16
Q

what increases at puberty?

A

testosterone
GnRH secretion

17
Q

why do accessory sex glands and cells related to secondary sexual development have testosterone receptors?

A

have 5-alpha reductase in cells
converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT): very potent
both males and females

18
Q

what are the accessory sex glands that develop due to increased testosterone?

A

ampulla
prostate: body/disseminate parts
vesicular gland
bulbourethral gland

19
Q

what two hormones’ secretion patterns change at puberty?

A

GnRH and LH

20
Q

how long is the complete cycle of seminiferous epithelium?

A

60 days

21
Q

what do sertoli cells secrete to control spermatogenesis?

A

inhibin
estradiol
AMH/MIS

22
Q

what do leydig cells secrete to control spermatogenesis?

A

testosterone

23
Q

what receptors do leydig cells have?

A

LH receptors

24
Q

what stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH?

A

GnRH from tonic center

25
Q

why is it necessary to have episodic testosterone levels in the testes?

A

would have: metabolic overload
sustained negative feedback on GnRH neurons (reduced LR and testosterone)
sustained negative feedback on FSH

26
Q

what produces androgen-binding protein?

A

sertoli cells

27
Q

what is needed in the seminiferous tubules to support spermatogenesis?

A

high concentration testosterone

28
Q

what are the three components of immune privilege?

A

anatomical
physiological
immunological

29
Q

what is the immunological component of the immune privilege of the testes?

A

blood-testis barrier
immune cells within interstitial space

30
Q

what can produce antibodies against sperm and where are the antibodies found?

A

accessory sex glands
seminal fluid

31
Q

what develops without estradiol in the brain?

A

surge center

32
Q

what produces alpha-fetoprotein?

A

fetal liver

33
Q

how do GnRH neurons inhibit puberty?

A

have increased sensitivity to negative feedback of testosterone

34
Q

how does luteinizing hormone impact testosterone?

A

increases its secretion from leydig/interstitial cells in testes

35
Q

what are the substances that interfere with GnRH/LH?

A

GnRH vaccine
LHRH agaonists
LHRH antagonists

36
Q

what is involved in developing secondary sex characteristics?

A

dihydrotestosterone

37
Q

why is luteinizing hormone not secreted for hours, instead of minutes?

A

would result in:
metabolic overload
sustained negative feedback on GNRH neurons in hypothalamus (reduced LH and testosterone secretion)
sustained negative feedback on FSH

38
Q

what are the components of the physiological component of immune privilege in the testes?

A

specialized transport systems
testosterone is immunosuppression within interstitial space

39
Q

what converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?

A

5-alpha reductase

OSSF 2 (19 decks)

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