Exam 4- Female Reproductive Physiology I

Question 1

what is an estrous cycle?

Answer 1

period of heat, followed by ovulation and complex changes of the uterine lining

Question 2

what is the physiology definition of an estrous cycle?

Answer 2

repeating physiological changes that are influenced by hormones controlling reproduction in placental animals other than humans and greater apes

Question 3

what does the estrous cycle include?

Answer 3

behavioral heat/estrus
estrous cycle is events between two heats/estrus
ovulation
changes in uterus

Question 4

what hormones control the estrous cycle?

Answer 4

ovarian and CNS hormones

Question 5

what is anestrus?

Answer 5

time when animal not exhibiting estrous cycles
ovulatory follicles/corpora lutea not present

Question 6

is anestrous part of the estrous cycle?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what animals have a polyestrus estrous cycle?

Answer 7

cows and pigs

Question 8

what animal has a seasonally polyestrus estrous cycle- long day- spring breeding?

Answer 8

mare

Question 9

what animals have a seasonally polyestrus estrous cycle- short day- fall breeding?

Answer 9

sheep and goats

Question 10

what animal has a monestrus estrous cycle?

Answer 10

dog

Question 11

what is transition?

Answer 11

right before and right after anestrus

Question 12

who has transition periods?

Answer 12

irregular estrous cycle animals- short and longs cycles and silent heats

Question 13

when does the follicular phase occur?

Answer 13

between luteolysis and ovulation

Question 14

what does FSH induce without progesterone in the follicular phase?

Answer 14

ovulatory (Graafian) follicle

Question 15

what does the ovulatory follicle produce?

Answer 15

estrogen

Question 16

what does estrogen elicit in the follicular phase?

Answer 16

heat/estrus

Question 17

without ______________, LH can spike, inducing _______________

Answer 17

progesterone
ovulation

Question 18

what happens in the luteal phase?

Answer 18

growth and development of the corpus luteum
progesterone produced by corpus luteum
progesterone leads to changes in uterus
prostaglandin F2 alpha lyses corpus luteum

Question 19

during the luteal phase, there is still some ____________________, but ___________________ do not form

Answer 19

follicular growth
ovulatory follicles

Question 20

when does proestrus end?

Answer 20

at onset of estrus

Question 21

during proestrus, ____________________ grow

Answer 21

preovulatory follicles

Question 22

when does proestrus begin?

Answer 22

at luteolysis

Question 23

what hormone influences the development of the ovulatory follicle, and therefore the start of the increase of estrogen production?

Answer 23

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 24

what is the primary hormone in estrus?

Answer 24

estrogen

Question 25

what induces ovulation?

Answer 25

luteinizing hormone spike

Question 26

when does ovulation occur?

Answer 26

at end of estrus

Question 27

when does metestrus occur?

Answer 27

ovulation to development of corpus luteum and progesterone dominance

Question 28

what is formed in the metestrus phase?

Answer 28

corpus luteum

Question 29

what starts to be secreted during metestrus?

Answer 29

progesterone

Question 30

what is the longest stage of the estrous cycle?

Answer 30

diestrus

Question 31

what happens during diestrus if pregnancy is not established?

Answer 31

corpus luteum is lysed

Question 32

what is spontaneous ovulation?

Answer 32

ovulation occurs whether or not female mates corpus luteum is produced progesterone produced by corpus luteum

Question 33

what is induced ovulation?

Answer 33

female must be mated to induce ovulation physical stimulation semen factors: ovulation induction factor

Question 34

what species have induced ovulation?

Answer 34

domestic cat, camelids, rabbits, ferrits

Question 35

true/false: a domestic cat will not form a corpus luteum (and therefore no progesterone or diestrus) unless she is mated

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what happens if a ferret is not bred?

Answer 36

prolonged estrus estrogen production

Question 37

what is special about rats?

Answer 37

corpus luteum only lasts 4 days will persist if mates: depends on prolactin production

Question 38

is there estrus during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 38

no

Question 39

what hormones play a role in the follicular phase?

Answer 39

decrease progesterone increase GnRH stimulates release FSH and LH

Question 40

what does the dominant follicle secrete in the follicular phase?

Answer 40

E2 and inhibin

Question 41

what stimulates the release of PGF2-alpha from the uterus in luteolysis?

Answer 41

oxytocin

Question 42

what is the feedback in ruminant luteolysis?

Answer 42

double positive feedback

Question 43

what happens when progesterone is no longer being produced?

Answer 43

no more negative feedback on hypothalamus increase in GnRH leads to increased FSH and LH increased follicular growth and production estradiol from follicles

Question 44

what does increased estradiol lead to?

Answer 44

estrus surge of GnRH from surge center surge of LH ovulation

Question 45

what happens to ferrets if there are not mated?

Answer 45

prolonged estrus and estrogen production

Question 46

what lyses the corpus luteum?

Answer 46

prostaglandin F2 alpha