exam 4 study guide

Question 1

separating existence into poles

Answer 1

splitting

Question 2

absolute primary narcissism stage

Answer 2

normal autism, 0-2 mo

Question 3

unification of the good and bad mother

Answer 3

consolidation

Question 4

development of separate body image

Answer 4

differentiation

Question 5

urge to separate from and fear of loss of primary caregiver, recognize good and bad parts

Answer 5

rapprochement

Question 6

experience of relationships with others

Answer 6

intrapsychic

Question 7

b-needs

Answer 7

meta-motivation refers to growth tendencies

Question 8

philosophical sense of humor

Answer 8

what makes things funny, why we laugh, what humor reveals about ourselves, society and the world

Question 9

an intensification of any experience to the degree that there is a loss or transcendence of the self

Answer 9

peak experience

Question 10

experience of moving beyond ones ordinary, limited sense of self and connecting with something larger, more profound, or beyond the individual ego

Answer 10

transcendence of self

Question 11

level at which they actualize their potential to the highest life

Answer 11

self-actualization

Question 12

innate, integral guidance system within individuals thatt directs them towards experiences and chooses that are congruent with the true selves and promote health, well-being, and self-actualization

Answer 12

the organismic valuing process

Question 13

when a persons symbolized experiences reflect actual experiences

Answer 13

congruence

Question 14

when a persons symbolized experiences do not reflect their actual experiences

Answer 14

incongruence

Question 15

acceptance and prizing of another person, regardless of their behavior, feelings, or thoughts

Answer 15

unconditional positive regard

Question 16

state of complete immersion and energized focus in an activity, with a high level of enjoyment and fulfillment in the process

Answer 16

flow

Question 17

third force

Answer 17

psychoanalysis
behaviorism

Question 18

intense emotions take over a persons personality

Answer 18

daimonic

Question 19

object relations focuses primarily on_____, while human relations focuses on ____

Answer 19

internal psychology; social interactions

Question 20

object relations understands ____, while human relations understands ____

Answer 20

unconscious roots of personality and relationship difficulties
organizational effectiveness

Question 21

what does the object of object relations theory stand for

Answer 21

caregivers

Question 22

separation-individuation stages

Answer 22

normal autism, normal symbiosis, separation-individuation; differentiation, practicing, consolidation

Question 23

normal autism age

Answer 23

birth-2 months

Question 24

normal autism infant is primarily focused on

Answer 24

internal physiological needs

Question 25

normal symbiosis age

Answer 25

2-5 months

Question 26

normal symbiosis developing

Answer 26

awareness of caregiver

Question 27

separation-individuation age

Answer 27

5 mo-3 year

Question 28

differentiation

Answer 28

development of separate body image

Question 29

practicing

Answer 29

perfecting motor abilities and developing physical independence

Question 30

consolidation

Answer 30

unification of the good and the bad mother

Question 31

borderline characteristics that indicate splitting

Answer 31

black and white thinking

Question 32

goal of the stone center

Answer 32

shift of the traditional western culture ro individualism towards relational values

Question 33

explanation of ill health according to relational cultural theory

Answer 33

disconnection, marginalization, power imbalances within relationships and broader social contexts

Question 34

in regards to human nature, Maslow focused on ____ while behavioristic approaches focused on ___

Answer 34

whole person, consciousness observable behavior

Question 35

different needs according to Maslow

Answer 35

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Question 36

breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion

Answer 36

physiological

Question 37

security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, property

Answer 37

safety

Question 38

friendship, family, sexual intimacy

Answer 38

love/belonging

Question 39

self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

Answer 39

esteem

Question 40

morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

Answer 40

self-actualization

Question 41

characteristics of a self-actualized person

Answer 41

awareness, honesty, freedom, trust

Question 42

frequency of self-actualizers in the society

Answer 42

rare

Question 43

how is personality defined in eastern culture

Answer 43

interdependence and relationships, social harmony

Question 44

characteristics of a fully functioning person

Answer 44

close to self-actualization aware of own real feelings and needsa

Question 45

according to rogers, the attitudes necessary and sufficient for therapeutic change

Answer 45

empathy, acceptance, geniuses

Question 46

PERMA

Answer 46

positive emotion engagement relationships meaning accomplishment

Question 47

according to seligman how do people increase their happiness

Answer 47

perma

Question 48

what is the difference between "organism" and the "self" according to rogers

Answer 48

organism is the whole individual at a fundamental, biological and experiential level self is social construct, who am I

Question 49

what theories does may try to integrate

Answer 49

existentialism psychoanalysis humanistic jungian

Question 50

the perception of the western world but the existentialists

Answer 50

loss of transcendence and meaning alienation

Question 51

thoughts of May regarding the 20th and 21st century western societies

Answer 51

loss of meaning and myth, freedom and anxiety, technology, sex and love

Question 52

what is the end result of powerlessness according to may

Answer 52

deeply damaging to the individual and society

Question 53

mays definition of anxiety

Answer 53

not negative, fundamental aspect of being human and potential catalyst for growth

Question 54

mays viewpoints on values

Answer 54

loss of values is source of problems we can create values answer problems

Question 55

mays viewpoint on TV

Answer 55

cultivates passivity in people

Question 56

mays viewpoints on love and sex

Answer 56

love is meaningless because people have sex without relating to one another

Question 57

Maya lives in a part of the world where food is scarce and she cant be sure where her next meal is coming from. according to Maslow's hierarchy, Maya is likely to be focused on meeting her ___ needs. a. self-esteem b. physiological c. self-actualization d. safety

Answer 57

b

Question 58

Maslow defined a self-actualized person as an infant who a) is satisfied with his or her life. b) has left a mark on history. c) is self-fulfilled and doing the best that he or she is capable of doing d) is in the top 10 percent of the most well-adjusted members of society.

Answer 58

c

Question 59

The dimension of trust is reflected in which of the following characteristics of self-actualizers? a)Detachment and need for privacy b) Peak experiences c) Resistance to conformity d) Selectivity in friendships

Answer 59

d

Question 60

What is the nature of the philosophical sense of humor? a) It expresses rebellion against society and its values. b) It is humor at other people's expense. c) It is planned rather than spontaneous. d) It pokes fun at people's shared human pretensions.

Answer 60

d

Question 61

Rogers contended that people use the defenses of ____ and____when their experiences appear to be inconsistent with their self-structure. a) reaction formation; rationalization b) sublimation; substitution c) repression; resistance d) denial; perceptual distortion

Answer 61

d

Question 62

Which term would LEAST likely be associated with the brand of therapy developed by Rogers? a) Client-centered therapy b) Creative therapy c)Person-centered therapy d) Nondirective therapy

Answer 62

b

Question 63

Rogers used a technique in which a patient would be given one hundred cards containing descriptive words or phrases and asked to arrange them in piles according to the degree to which they reflected the patient's personality. What is the name of this technique? a) the MMPI b) the Q-sort c) the Rorschach d) the TAT

Answer 63

b

Question 64

Transpersonal psychology seeks to establish itself as an academic discipline. Which of the following hast describes its status? a) It has not yet been integrated into any psychology departments in the United States. b) It has not been granted formal status by the American Psychological Association. c) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual has not yet been modified to include a diagnostic category for "religious or spiritual problems." d) Some (e.g., Tart, 2009) think the field will never be established because psychology cannot be both scientifically and spiritually

Answer 64

b

Question 65

According to recent research in the field of positive psychology (e.g., Baird 2004), an individual born as a key element of satisfaction than is an and raised in Japan is more likely to experience individual born and raised in the United States. a)meeting social and family standards b)self-expression c)income potential d)recreational hobbies

Answer 65

a

Question 66

The current movement toward positive psychology is most closely related to the personality theories of a) freud b) skinner c) erikson d) rogers

Answer 66

d

Question 67

Existentialism and psychoanalysis are alike because both a)originated in the same era. b) take a teleological perspective. c) try to understand anxiety, despair, and alienation. d) emphasize the ontological state of human beings.

Answer 67

c

Question 68

Which of the following would be the closest to the posture of an existentialist? a) The jockey in a horse race b) The horse's owner c) The judge who decides which horse came in first d) The spectators in the stands

Answer 68

a

Question 69

Existentialists believe that psychologists' concern with lawfulness and predictability a) is antiscientific. b) is their greatest contribution to understanding human nature. c) should be tempered in the direction of greater objectivity. d) stands in the way of their understanding of the real person.

Answer 69

d

Question 70

Existentialism is most closely associated with which personality theorist? a) Rogers b) Maslow c) Beck d) May

Answer 70

d

Question 71

May believed that the concept of stress a) does not adequately describe anxiety. b) should be used in lieu of the term anxiety. c) is distinctly bound to consciousness and subjectivity. d) is useful because it is directly quantifiable.

Answer 71

a

Question 72

According to May, what is the reason for the intensification of anxiety in contemporary times? a) Alienation and isolation b) Hypercompetitiveness c) Economic uncertainty d) The globalization of society

Answer 72

a

Question 73

Dr. Lopez is a clinical psychologist whose belief about sickness is similar to that of Rollo May. Therefore, Dr. Lopez believes that a) sickness is a strategy whereby an individual seeks to preserve his or her being. b) individuals are lured into the sick role because it is sanctioned by our modern society. c) sickness inevitably leads to suicide. d) sickness is a byproduct of genetic or biological dysfunctions.

Answer 73

a

Question 74

Why is suicide accorded a central place in existentialist philosophy? a) Because awareness of one's responsibility for one's life enables one to confront life and death b) Because existentialism has an inherently pessimistic point of view that sees suicide as a viable alternative to overwhelming demands c) Because existentialists believe that all humans actively gravitate toward self-destruction d) Because one cannot enjoy life without entertaining thoughts of the paradoxical condition of

Answer 74

a

Question 75

the business of social networking depends most on the changing views of a) conscious b) gender and sexuality c) altruism d) privacy and self-disclosure

Answer 75

d

Question 76

the term that May would use to describe to Ronald's anger is a) daimonic b) paradox c) existence d) intentionality

Answer 76

a