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A&P 2 > Exam Four > Flashcards

Exam Four Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Network of organs & vein- like vessels that recover fluid

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2
Q

Lymphatic system functions

A

fluid recovery
immunity
lipid absorption

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3
Q

Lymphatic system components

A

lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic tissue
lymphatic organs

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4
Q

lymphatic vessels in size order

A 
lymphatic capillaries 
collected vessels 
6 lymphatic trunks 
2 collecting ducts 
subclavian veins
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5
Q

natural killer cell

A

lymphocytes that destroy bacteria, tissue, host cells

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6
Q

T lymphocytes

A

mature in the thymus n depend on thymic hormones

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7
Q

B lymphocytes

A

differentiate into plasma cells, develop in bone marrow

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8
Q

macrophages

A

monocytes
eat things
primary APC

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9
Q

APCs (antigen presenting cells)

A

produce foreign matter & display it to T cell altering the immune system

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10
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

mobile APCs found in epidermis, mucous membrane, n lymphatic organs

surface defense

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11
Q

reticular cells

A

stationary APCs that contribute to connective tissue framework of lymphatic organs

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12
Q

Primary Lymphatic organs

A

red bone marrow

thymus

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13
Q

Secondary Lymphatic organs

A

lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen

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14
Q

Red bone marrow

A

primary
hemopoiesis- blood cells
found in bones/skeleton

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15
Q

thymus

A

primary
matures T cells

member of endocrine, lymphatic and immune system

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16
Q

lymph nodes

A

Secondary
most numerous
filters and cleans lymph
activate T cells

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17
Q

3 sets of tonsils

A

adenoid- back nose
pelatine- back mouth
Lingula- tounge

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18
Q

Spleen

A

biggest lymphatic organ
highly vascular and vulnerable
monitor blood

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19
Q

first line of defense

A

external barriers- skin, mucous membrane, sub epithelial areolar tissue

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20
Q

second line of defense

A

non specific resistance

mechanisms- cells, processes to protect

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21
Q

third line of defense

A

specific immunity, immune system

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22
Q

External barriers

A

skin
mucous membranes
sub epithelial areolar tissue

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23
Q

leukocytes- neutrophils

A

wander thru connective tissue to kill bacteria

2 methods

  1. phagocytosis- random cop one at a time
  2. chemical cloud- killing itself and all bacteria around
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24
Q

leukocytes- eosinophils

A

guard against parasites & allergens found in mucous membranes

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25
leukocytes- basophils
helpers secret 3 chemicals leukotrienes, histamine, heparin
26
leukocytes- monocytes
become macrophages- eat things
27
interferons
alert cells | secreted by cells infected with viruses
28
complement system
group of globulins who contribute to nonspecific resistance and specific immunity pathway made by liver, destroys pathogens
29
classical pathway
requires an antibody specific antibody onto antigen
30
alternative pathway
nonspecific- doesn't require antibody
31
lectin pathway
non specific- doesn't require antibody plasma proteins bind to carbohydrates
32
mechanisms of pathogen
inflammation immune clearance phagocytes cytolysis
33
immune surveillance
NK cells- bind & release perforins puncture a hole shoot in enzyme kill cell
34
onset stage of fever
OSP rises causing shivers to generate heat temp goes up
35
stadium stage of fever
temp stays high until done fighting pathogen
36
defervescence stage of fever
temp goes back down to normal
37
inflammation
response to injury
38
inflammation purpose
limit spread of pathogens remove debris repair tissue
39
4 signs of inflammation
redness swelling heat pain
40
step 1. mobilization of defense
get all cells to infected area gather the troops
41
step 2. containment & destruction
containing cells by blood clot fence nutrophils doing destruction
42
stage 3. Clean up and Repair
monocytes turn into macrophages
43
cellular immunity
T cells attacking whole cells
44
humoral immunity
B cells attacking extracellular things
45
natural active immunity
production of ones own antibodies or T cells
46
artificial active immunity
production of ones own antibodies from vaccinations
47
natural passive immunity
temporary immunity from acquiring antibodies made by another person (mom to kid)
48
artificial passive immunity
temporary immunity from the injection of an immune serum from another person or animal
49
antigen
trigger an immune response
50
epitope
reactive part of antigen
51
haptens
things that are too small to cause a problem by themselves
52
antibodies
what is created to fight off antigens
53
life cycle T cells
born in bone marrow | trained n matured in thymus
54
life cycle B cell
born in bone marrow | mature in bone marrow n can go wherever
55
Cellular immunity steps
recognition react remember
56
recognition
recognizing something foreign & bind onto it, create attack against it
57
react
go out and find foreign things in body
58
remember
leave T cells behind as memory to launch attack again
59
T cells in cellular immunity
cytotoxin helper regulatory memory
60
cytotoxin (tc cell)
effector of cellular immunity
61
helper cells
promote the action of TC cells play role in humoral immunity
62
regulatory cells
limit the immune response
63
memory cells
descend from TC cells
64
humoral immunity steps
recognize react remember
65
4 methods against antigens
neutralization complement fixation agglutination precipitation
66
type 1 hypersensitivity
acute allergy most common react instantly
67
type 2 hypersensitivity
antibody dependent cytotoxin attack antigens causing destruction of cell
68
type 3 hypersensitivity
immune complex antigen antibody complexes participate beneath the endothelium of the blood vessels cause tissue destruction

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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