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A&P 2 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Male Primary sex organ

A

testes

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2
Q

female primary sex organ

A

ovaries

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3
Q

male secondary sex organs

A

ducts, glands, and penis

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4
Q

female secondary sex organ

A

uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

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5
Q

3 main scrotal mechanisms for temp regulation

A

cremaster muscle
dartos muscle
pampiniform plexus

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6
Q

blood-testis barrier

A

tight junction, separates sperm from immune system

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7
Q

spermatic ducts

A

efferent ductules
duct of epididymis
ductus deferenes
ejaculatory duct

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8
Q

3 glands in male system

A

seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

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9
Q

spermatogenesis

A

process of making sperm

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10
Q

spermiogenesis

A

transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa

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11
Q

purpose of female system

A

produce & delivers gametes

provides nutrition & shelter for fetus

gives birth

nourishes infant

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12
Q

layers of uterus

A

perimetrium (outer)
myometrium (middle)
Endometrium (inner)

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13
Q

layers of endometrium

A

stratum functionalism

stratum basalis

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14
Q

3 stages of female puberty

A

thelarche (breast development)

pubarche (pubic hair)

menarche ( menstrual period)

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15
Q

climacteric

A

midlife change in hormone secretion

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16
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstrual cycle

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17
Q

reproductive cycle

A

fertilization—birth—-fertility

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18
Q

sexual cycle

A

monthly events w/o pregnancy

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19
Q

ovarian cycle

A

3 stages that develop follicles

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20
Q

menstrual cycle

A

buildup of endometrium followed by breakdown and discharge

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21
Q

hierarchy of hormonal control during sexual cycle

A

hypothalamus— pituitary— ovaries—- uterus

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22
Q

3 stages of ovarian cycle

A

follicles phase

ovulation

luteal phase

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23
Q

4 stages of menstrual cycle

A

proliferative

secretory

premenstrual

menstrual

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24
Q

conceptus

A

all products of conception

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25
terms of unborn child
blastocyst embryo fetus neonate
26
pregnancy hormones
estrogen progesterone human chorionic gonadotopin human chorionic somatommotropin
27
stages of labor
dilation expulsion placental stage
28
colostrum
first breast milk, less fat and has igA
29
ectopic pregnancy
implantation outside of the uterus
30
gestational diabetes
diabetes that develop w/ pregnancy
31
preeclampsia
gestational hypertensions
32
spontaneous abortion
miscarriage
33
embryology
study of prenatal
34
developmental biology
study of entire life cycle
35
sperm migration
sperm travel distal 1/3 of uterine tube
36
capacitations
sperm penetrate egg
37
fertilization
sperm gives DNA to egg
38
first trimester
most vulnerable
39
second trimester
organs complete development
40
third trimester
fetus grows rapidly
41
pre embryonic stage
first 16 days of development
42
cleavage
mitotic division
43
implantation
attaches to uterine wall
44
embryogenesis
arrangement into 3 primary germ layer
45
ectoderm
epidermis, nervous system, eye, ear
46
mesoderm
skeleton, muscle, cartilage, blood, lymphoid tissue, gonads, kidneys
47
endoderm
gut, respiratory, urinary system
48
amnion
transparent sac, penetrated only by umbilical cord
49
yolk sac
small sac, becomes GI tract, blood cells
50
allantois
foundation of umbilical cord
51
chorion
outermost membrane, made of chorionic villi & smooth chorion
52
uterine milk
secretion of uterine tubes
53
trophoblast ic nutrition
conceptus consumes endometrium cells
54
placenta
nutrient diffuse mother fetus
55
placenta function
``` nutritional excretory respiratory endocrine immune ```
56
teratogen
drugs & chemicals infectious disease radiation
57
disjunction
normal chromosome seperation
58
Nondisjunction
pairs chromosomes fails to separate
59
aneuploidy
extra or lack of chromosome
60
monosomy
lack of chromosome
61
trisomy
extra chromosome, triple set
62
triplo-X syndrome
XXX, infertile female w/ mild intellectual impairment
63
klinefelter syndrome
XXY, sterile male w/ average intelligence
64
turner syndrome
XO, webbed neck, failure to develop sexual characteristics, sterile
65
patau syndrome
trisomy-13, severely deformed
66
edward syndrome
trisomy-18, severely deformed
67
down syndrome
trisomy-21, most survivable
68
aging
all changes of time
69
senesscene
degeneration
70
intrinsic aging
normal change over time
71
photo aging
degeneration in proportion to UV exposure
72
life expectancy
average length of life in a given population
73
life span
maximum age
74
3 major portion of brain
cerebrum cerebellum brainstem
75
gray matter
outside, thinking
76
white matter
inside, "railroad tracts"
77
meniges
Dura (outer) Arachnoid (middle) Pia (inner)
78
CSF
clear, colorless liquid that bathes
79
3 function of CSF
buoyancy protection chemical stability
80
reticular formation
gray matter
81
characteristics of cerebellum
2nd largest part 1/2 neurons R&L hemisphere
82
functions of reticular formation (5)
somatic motor control cardiovascular control pain modulation sleep & consciousness habituation
83
4 types of brain waves
alpha (daydream) beta (awake) theta (light sleep) delta (deep sleep)
84
visceral reflexes
unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses to stimulation
85
viceral arc pathway
receptors> afferent neurons> interneurons> efferent neurons> effectors
86
sympathetic characteristics
short pre, long post (1: multi) targets large areas
87
parasympathetic characteristics
long pre, short post selective no chain
88
4 nerves of parasympathetic
oculomotor (III)(eye) facial (VII) facial secretion glossopharyngeal (IX) salivation vagus (X) rest of body
89
4 areas of CNS that control ANS
``` cerebral cortex hypothalamus midbrain,pons, medulla oblongata spinal cord ```
90
enteric nervous system
nervous system of digestive tract does not arise from brain or spinal cord regulates motility of esophagus
91
sense organ
nervous tissue & another tissue that respond to stimulus enhances response
92
transduction
conversion of on energy to another
93
receptor potential
small local electrical charge change to CNS
94
somatic pain
pain from skin
95
visceral pain
pain from organs
96
sensation
subjective awareness
97
salty
metal ion- sodium potassium
98
sweet
organic compounds- sugars associated with carbs and high caloric foods
99
sour
associated with acids, citrus fruits
100
umani
"meaty"- amino acids savory
101
bitter
associated w/ spoiled foods & alkaloids nicotine, caffeine, morphine, rejected food
102
hearing
a response
103
equilibrium
sense of motion, orientation & balance
104
sound
any audible vibration
105
pitch
high or low, determined by frequency
106
loudness
perception, intensity
107
conductive deafness
problem with transmission
108
otosclerosis
fusion of ossicles
109
sensorineur al deafness
death or hair cells or any nervous element
110
2 types of acceleration
linear- straight line angular- rotation
111
2 types of equilibrium
static- perception of head dynamic- perception of motion
112
optical components
cornea aqueous humor lens vitreous body
113
3 tunics of eye
outer- sclera, cornea middle- choroid, ciliary body, iris inner- retina, optics nerve
114
rods
night vision
115
cones
day vision
116
neural components of eye
retina, optic nerve
117
type II diabetes
most common | insulin resistance
118
type I diabetes
less common | lack of insulin
119
3 polys of diabetes
polyuria polydipsia polyphagia

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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