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A&P 2 > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

1
Q

Rostral

A

front and top

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2
Q

Caudal

A

back and bottom

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3
Q

3 major parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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4
Q

Gyri

A

thick folds of brain

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5
Q

Sulci

A

shallow groves of brain

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6
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides brain into hemispheres

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7
Q

corpus callosum

A

thick bundle of never fibers that connect brain hemispheres

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8
Q

Grey Matter (location&function)

A

outside layer

forms surface layer over cerebrum and cerebellum and nuclei deep in brain

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9
Q

White matter (location&function)

A

deep to grey matter(inside)

sends signals

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10
Q

3 primary vesicles

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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11
Q

forebrain into..

A

cerebral hemispheres

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12
Q

midbrain into…

A

stays midbrain

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13
Q

hindbrain into

A

pons and cerebellum

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14
Q

3 meninges and location

A

Dura Mater-pressed against cranial bone

Arachnoid- over brain surface

Pia mater- follows contours of brain

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15
Q

location of 4 internal chambers

A

2 lateral in each hemisphere
3rd beneath corpus callosum
4th between pons and cerebellum

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16
Q

Choroid plexus

A

spongy mass of blood capillaries on the floor of each ventricle

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17
Q

Functions of CSF

A

Buoyancy
Protection
Chemical Stability

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18
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

regulates what substances can get from the bloodstream into the tissue fluid

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19
Q

BBB is highly permeable to…

A

H20, glucose,O2,CO2,alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and anesthetics

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20
Q

4 regions of brainstem

LABLE

A

diencephalon
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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21
Q

Reticular Formation

A

web of gray matter that runs vertically through all levels of the brain stem

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22
Q

5 Functions of Reticular Formation

A 
Somatic Motor control
Cardiovascular Control
Pain modulation 
Sleep and consciousness
Habituation
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23
Q

Cranial Nerves associated with Medulla Oblongata

A

IX,X,XI,XII

9,10,11,12

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24
Q

Cranial Nerves associated with Pons

A

V,VI,VII,VIII

5,6,7,8

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25
Cerebellum
largest of hindbrain left and right hemisphere half+ brains neurons
26
Functions of cerebellum
muscle contractions and coordination Evaluation of sensory input timekeeping center hearing
27
3 Cerebellar Peduncles and where they connect
Inferior: medulla Oblongata Middle: pons Superior: midbrain
28
Cranial Nerves connected to the Midbrain
III,IV | 3,4
29
3 parts of the Diencephalon
thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus
30
Thalamus
4/5 of entire diencephalon gateway to cerebral cortex
31
Functions of Thalamus
motor control memory emotional functions
32
gland associated with Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
33
Functions of Hypothalamus
``` Hormone Secretion Autonomic Effects Thermoregulation food and water intake sleep memory emotional behavior ```
34
glands and functions of Epithalamus
pineal gland produce melatonin
35
list lobes of the brain | LABLE
``` frontal parietal occipital temporal insula ```
36
Projection tracts
extends vertically carry information between cerebrum and body
37
Commissural tracts
cross between hemispheres communication between 2 sides
38
Association tracts
connect different regions of the same hemisphere
39
3 spots of Neural Integration
Cerebral cortex Basal Nuclei Limbic System
40
Alpha
awake and resting
41
beta
eyes open and preforming mental tasks
42
Theta
drowsy found in children emotional stress
43
Delta
deep sleep
44
Sleep
temporary state of unconsciousness from which one can be awaken when stimulated
45
Restorative Effects of sleep
brain glycogen and ATP levels increase in non-REM sleep Memories strengthen in REM sleep
46
Amnesia
defects in declarative memory : inability to describe past events
47
Anterograde amnesia
unable to store new information
48
Retrograde amnesia
cannot recall things known before injury
49
Difference between Wernicke and Broca
Wernicke is understand the information Broca is using the motor skill to portray it
50
3 steps of information management
learning memory forgetting
51
Nonfluent (broca) aphasia
slow speech, difficulty choosing words, using words that only approximate the correct word
52
Fluent (Wernicke) aphasia
speech normal and excessive, but senseless words cannot comprehend written and spoken words
53
Anomic Aphasia
speaks normally and understand speech, but can not identify written words or pictures
54
Cerebral Lateralization
difference in the function of cerebral hemispheres
55
Left Hemisphere
Categorical spoken and written language analytical reasoning information in fragments- analyzes it in linear way
56
Right Hemisphere
Representational Hemisphere imagination and insight music and art
57
Epilepsy
massive discharge of neurons resulting in motor convulsions, sensory & psychic disturbance, and impaired consciousness
58
Schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate emotional response to stimulations, incoherent speech and withdraw form society
59
Bell Palsy
Paralysis of facial muscles on one side resulting in distortion of facial features
60
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac and smooth tissue
61
Visceral Reflexes
unconscious, automatic,stereotyped responses to stimulation
62
Visceral ARC
Receptors-> afferent neurons-> interneurons-> efferent neurons-> effectors
63
Sympathetic Division
adapts the body in many ways for physical activity fight or flight reactions
64
Parasympathetic Division
calming effect on many body functions resting and digesting state
65
autonomic tone
normal background rate of two systems that represent the balance between two
66
Enteric Nervous System
NS of digestive track regulates motility of esophagus, stomach, intestines, and secretion of digestive enzymes and acids regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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