Exam Prep

Question 1

The French and Indian War(1754-63)

Answer 1

-War that occurred in North America during the Seven Years’s war.
-Great Britain and France struggled to determine control of the vast colonial territories.
-Began over the specific issue of whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British Empire or the French Empire.
-Resulted in Britain gaining control over much of the continent and going into debt, which they then made unfair taxes on their colonies to make up for it.

Question 3

Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

Answer 3

• Written by Thomas Jefferson which announced the separation of the 13 colonies from Great Britain.
  -And illuminated equality of man.

Question 4

The Founders and Religion

Answer 4

• Political figures who believed in religion, but that it shouldn’t influence government.
  -a bunch of deists
• created the first government/republic

Question 5

Articles of Confederation

Answer 5

-first written constitution of the United States, drafted by congress in 1777.
-sought to balance the need for national coordination of the war of Independence with widespread fear that centralized political power posed a danger to liberty.
-had no executive branch

Question 6

Anti-Federalists

Answer 6

-thought the constitution was weak and that it didn’t protect individual rights.
-demanded for a Bill of Rights

Question 7

The Federalists

Answer 7

-thought the constitution was strong and didn’t need to be changed

Question 8

Republicans

Answer 8

he ideology of governing the nation as a republic, where the head of state is not appointed through hereditary means, but usually through an election

Question 9

War of 1812

Answer 9

-Madison was president
-Wanted to stop the British from impressing American ships
-Struggled financially
-Britain burned down the White House
-Star spangled banner was created during that time.
-war ended in a draw

Question 10

Andrew Jackson

Answer 10

President during the 1830s
-dramatically expands the power of the president
-General during the Battle of New Orleans
-Heavily hated the Federal Government
-Extremely racist to Natives and Blacks

Question 11

Market Revolution

Answer 11

-reshaped the idea of freedom; identifying it more closely to Economic opportunity
-encouraged western expansion
-slavery grew
-Communication and transportation improved greatly(Canals, railroads, telegraphs, and more)

Question 12

Westward Expansion

Answer 12

6 new states became a part of the union after more people moved west.
-Became home to regional cultures
-created the Cotton Kingdom

Question 13

Age of Jackson

Answer 13

vision of democracy excluded blacks and natives
-suspicious of banks and paper money
-state shoulds be the vocal of governmental activity
-opposed federal efforts to shape economy or interference with individual lives.
-Spoils system(gave governmental jobs to friends)

Question 14

Indian Removal Act

Answer 14

1830- early law of Jackson that provided funds for uprooting the five civilized tribes left in American territory
-goal was to wipe out all Natives
-wanted to open up the native lands in order to make for more plantation-based lands
-Military forcibly removed natives from their home

Question 15

Democratic Party

Answer 15

established by Martin Van Buren
-represented the ‘producing class’
-did not support federal gov
-pro-slavery/protection
-southern supports/lower income working class people in north
-wants a limited government
-freedom=privacy

Question 16

Abolition Movement

Answer 16

Extreme movement of anti-slavery
Desired to end slavery and free all slaves
Radical actions were taken to try and abolish slavery

Question 17

Slavery and the Law

Answer 17

Slave rights were heavily enforced and they lived in constant toil and went through brutal punishments
-they could be sold
-they could not testify in court
-could not acquire property
- restricted from education

Question 18

Manifest Destiny

Answer 18

The ideal that it was white’s god-given right to take control of the whole continent of America.
All other races were considered inferior and were heavily mistreated and or driven from their homes.

Question 19

The Mexican War

Answer 19

First American conflict fought on primarily foreign soil and the first in which american troops occupied a foreign capital. Sparked by the dispute over the annexation of Texas.
America won and they doubled in size.

Question 20

Rise of the Republican Party

Answer 20

Reflected underlying economic and social changes, notably the completion of the market revolution.
Most were Free soilers, yet some abolitionists joined despite their differing opinions on the extend of the abolition of slavery.

Question 21

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

Answer 21

The worst Supreme Court Decision.
Dred Scott(a slave) testified his freedom for he set foot in free state land, meaning he had a right. Court refuses him and comes to the decision that no African Americans could be citizens of the United States.

Question 22

Fort Sumter

Answer 22

The battle that started the civil war. Confederate forces fired first after union troops attempted to provision the fort.

Question 23

Confederate States of America

Answer 23

The Southern State’s own government where they adopted a constitution and elected Jefferson Davis as President. President had more power.

Question 24

Two Sides in the war

Answer 24

Union: Consisted of the northern states. Wanted to end/stop the spread of slavery.
Confederacy:Consisted of southern states that ceded from the union when Lincoln became president. Wanted to protect and expand slavery.

Question 25

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 25

Declaration made by Abe Lincoln that claimed that all slaves shall be free in the states in rebellion of the union(the southern states)
Allowed Black Man authority to join the union army.
The reason civil war was about slavery.
Controversial for it only freed the slaves in southern states, not those working in the north.

Question 26

Reconstruction

Answer 26

Occurs right have the civil war.
Lincoln was elected as president once more with Andrew Johnson as Vice president.
A plan was made by Lincoln in his second inaugural address where he would reconstruct both northern and southern states.
-slavery would end, soldiers on both sides of the war will be taken care of, addressed what to do with widowed wives and orphaned children, give help to former slaves as they started their new lives, improve education in the south.
GOAL: HELP EVERYONE
Many southerns hated/disliked it.

Question 27

Black Freedom

Answer 27

Slavery ended, including all the injustices of slavery. Given access to education, land, better jobs, weapons, alcohol, and more.
Gained freedom to vote in 1870 under the 15th Amendment.

Question 28

Aftermath of Slavery

Answer 28

Emancipation of slavery heavily angered the southern states. Felt like their rights were stripped away from them. Lost the ability to vote and revolts against the reconstruction plan by creating many terrorist cults that went after free blacks and sympathetic whites. Tried everything in their power to kick-start slavery.

Question 29

Overthrow of the Reconstruction

Answer 29

Many terrorist cults formed during the reconstruction period in the south. These groups rioted and rebelled and did everything they could to end the reconstruction plan and to put blacks back into slavery and to reestablish southern authority.

Question 30

End of Reconstruction

Answer 30

The end of reconstruction resulted in massive failures.
-disenfranchised blacks one more
-‘New slavery”: convict leasing/sharecropping
-Redeemers
_South regains power once more ):

Question 31

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 31

Also known as the “Gilded Age”
A dramatic economic revolution in America that started in 1870.
The Federal Government actively promoted industrial agriculture.
Encouraged the construction and use the army to remove natives from western lands.

Question 32

Gilded Age

Answer 32

A derogatory term to represent the Second Industrial Revolution.
Created by Mark Twain.
Illustrated the remarkable expansion of economy and it’s corruption.

Question 33

Westward Expansion/agriculture

Answer 33

Americans moved westwards for more expansion and influence over industrial agriculture and economy.
Native Americans were driven out of their homes and placed into concentration camps

Question 34

Chinese Immigration

Answer 34

Initially starts during the California Gold Rush era.
Chinese were put up with jobs working at Railroads and played a major role in building them.
U.S tried to turn Chinese immigrants into slaves.
Anti-chinese sentiments arose
Restrictions were placed on Chinese immigrants and many weren’t allowed to go to school.

Question 35

Assimilation

Answer 35

Created by Richard Henry Pratt
An establishment of boarding schools for Indian Children.
Removed them from their tribes and family.
Native Children were forced to learn the American way. The schools were mistreated and many children died and were punished.

Question 36

Political Corruption

Answer 36

The rising power of new corporations led to disturbing questions for American understanding of political freedom.
Wealth started to influence politics and led to unfair living conditions for the working class/poor people.

Question 37

Plessy V. Ferguson

Answer 37

The Supreme Court Decision that supported the legality of Jim Crow laws and that permitted the “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites.

Question 38

Blacks in the new South

Answer 38

Treated horrible and were targeted by ruthless white americans.
Lynching, segregation, restrictions, etc ensued.

Question 39

Spanish American War

Answer 39

Started in the Philippines when American troops teamed up with Emilio Aguinaldo to help give Filipinos their independence.
Americans win the war and start to annex the newly freed Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
Teddy Roosevelt was the reason the war even started, was seen as a national hero.

Question 40

Anti-Imperialists

Answer 40

A group of prominent politicians, industrialists, labor leaders, and social reformers that protests American territorial expansion(especially in the Philippines)

Question 41

Income inequality/concentration of wealth

Answer 41

Economic growth was not distributed evenly in America.
Only a minority of people(the rich) controlled the wealth in America, the majority were left in low incomes and worked harsh jobs.

Question 42

Social Darwinism

Answer 42

Application of Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of “survival of the fittest’ to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty.
The rich were at the top.
The poor were responsible for their own sad fate.

Question 43

Progressivism

Answer 43

Broad-based reform movement in the 1900s that sought governmental action in solving problems in many areas of American life, including education, public health, economy, labor, the environment, transportation, and politics

Question 44

New Immigrants

Answer 44

A term that considered all the people that moved to the U.S during the Progressive Era. Most where coming in from southern/eastern Europe who were trying escape the conditions that would eventually lead to WWI. Held very different ethnicity and religious views, thus America grew distrustful and nativism rose.

Question 45

Women’s Suffrage Movement

Answer 45

A mass reform movement ruled by women fighting for the rights to vote, access to better education, and better working opportunities.
Some important figureheads of the movement include Alice Paul.

Question 46

Fourteen Points

Answer 46

Plan conducted by Woodrow Wilson that encouraged peace after WWI. Called for no more secret treaties, free seas for all, smaller militaries of each country, and self-determination/the ability to create one’s own government. Failed to incorporate all the points though after the Treaty of Versailles

Question 47

Eugenics

Answer 47

American ideology and effort to make the ideas of white supremacy/racism into science(racism was ‘justified’).
Scientists sought to better America by controlling the reproduction of other races in order to rid the world of low intelligence. (any race other than whites were feeble-minded)

Question 48

Great Migration

Answer 48

Large-scale migration of southern blacks during and after WWI into the north, searching for better economic opportunities and to run away from the South’s Jim Crow Laws

Question 49

Red Scare 1919-20

Answer 49

Fear among many Americans after WWI, of communists in particular.

Question 50

League of Nations

Answer 50

Organization of nations to meditate disputes and to avoid any other wars. Consisted of 32 members, excluding Germany and Russia and American Republicans. Failed to stop more wars to occur.

Question 51

Imperialists

Answer 51

Wanted the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, media, and military influence beyond the boundaries of the United States of America.