Period 7 test (Progressive Era) Flashcards
(42 cards)
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
A deadly Industrial disaster that occured in New York where working (immigrant) women were trapped inside a factory while it was on fire, most died.
Women organized strike union in response.
Progressivism
Broad-based reform movement in the 1900s that sought governmental action in solving problems in many areas of American life, including education, public health, economy, labor, the environment, transportation, and politics
Theodore ‘Teddy’ Roosevelt
President during the Progressive Era.
A huge environmentalist, opened and created many national parks.
Expanded the power of the executive branch and sought to get rid of bad trusts/businesses that were crippling the economy.
Muckraking
A derogatory term adopted by Theodore Roosevelt. Referred the the side of journalism that sought to expose the underside of American life, focused persistent attention on social inequality and sought to expose insanity factory/labor conditions.
The Jungle
Written by Upton Sinclair in hopes to educate society on the unfair conditions of workers in the meat factories/industries, yet instead the book exposed the unsanitary conditions of slaughterhouses and how the meat was being processed and handled.
Led to the direct passage of the pure food and drug act.
New Immigrants
A term that considered all the people that moved to the U.s during the Progressive Era. Most where coming in from southern/eastern Europe who were trying escape the conditions that would eventually lead to WWI. Held very different ethnicity and religious views, thus America grew distrustful and nativism rose.
Consumer Culture
American life lay in enjoying the availability of products from other countries.
Spent increasingly large amounts of money to show their wealth(Conspicuous consumption)
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
The largest labor union that attempted to balance the interest of workers and its growing political power in Washington D.C.
Was a very conservative group, sought only to improve and invite white men.
Socialist Party
Political party demanding public ownership of major economic enterprises in the United States as well as reforms like recognition of Labor unions and women’s suffrage.
Leader was Eugene V. Debs(labor reformer)
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
Radical union led by Eugene V. Debs; that sought to organize workers along the lines of industrial unions rather than the specialized trade, or craft, unions of the American Federation of Labor.
Was open to any and all people(no matter race, gender,etc)
Also sought for Freedom of Speech to speak out against the Government(Which was restricted)
Bread and Roses Strike
A strike that occured in Lawrence MA, that protested the decrease of the weekly pay in wooden mills.
Women and children of the union were brutally beaten by police forces, which resulted in the success of the strike and an increase of income and double pay for overtime workers
Birth-Control Movement
Early feminist movement that saw access to birth-control as essential to women’s freedom and encouraged the spread of sex education.
Led by Margaret Sanger(was a major believer in Eugenics though):)
Emma Goldman
A radical feminist that argued for the protection of both men and women, for birth-control rights, and acceptability/openness to homosexuality. Usually spoke in public crowds full of men. (I love her)
Initiative
Direct legislation that enabled citizens to propose and vote directly on laws.
Referendum
A progressive era reform that allowed public policies to be submitted to popular vote.
Recall
A progressive era reform that allowed the removal of public officials in government positions by popular votes of the people.
Settlement Houses
An American housing system created by Jane Addams that brought shelter to immigrants/single mothers and helped them adjust to America.
Women’s Suffrage Movement
A mass reform movement ruled by women fighting for the rights to vote, access to better education, and better working opportunities.
Some important figureheads of the movement include Alice Paul.
Muller V. Oregon
1908 Supreme Court decision that upheld an Oregon law limiting women’s workday to ten hours, based on the need to protect women’s health for motherhood.
Conservative Movement
Movement put into place by Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir(founder of the Sierra club, which preserved forests), to preserve parts of the natural environment from economic exploitation.
Millions of races of wildlife was secured
Progressive Party
A political party created by former president, Theodore Roosevelt, that supported progressive reforms and split the Republican party in two.
Election of 1912
Campaign between William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Eugene V. Debs.
Woodrow(Democratic party) was elected as president.
Lusitania
A British liner trade ship that carried weapons and 124 American Passengers during WW1.
German Submarines(in war against the British navy), blew the ship up and every passenger died.
Led to public resentment from America.
Zimmerman Telegram
A message made public by British intercepts where the German Foreign Secretary called on Mexico to join forces with Germany against America, promising to recover lost territory in return.
Final push for Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany and finally get involved with WWI in 1917.
