Period 6 test(second part)

Question 1

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

Also known as the “Gilded Age”
A dramatic economic revolution in America that started in 1870.
The Federal Government actively promoted industrial agriculture.
Encouraged the construction and use the army to remove natives from western lands.

Question 2

Role of Railroads

Answer 2

What made the Second Industrial Revolution possible.
Opened up vast areas for commercial farming and creating a national market for manufacturing goods.
Considered a monopoly and was most influenced by the government.
Most immigrants(chinese) worked to build these transports.

Question 3

Trusts

Answer 3

Established by legal devices whereby affairs of several rival companies were managed by a single director.

Question 4

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 4

An monopolist who established a steel company that incorporated distribution and vertical integration.
Firm believer of social darwinism and established the most technologically advanced factories in the world

Question 5

Vertical integration

Answer 5

An integration where one person controlled every phase of the business

Question 6

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 6

A monopolist that rose to dominated the oil industry.
Drove out rivals with cutthroat competition and trusts.
Illegally used horizontal integration

Question 7

Horizontal integration

Answer 7

buying out competing oil refineries.
An illegal way to create a monopoly and to gain more lands/influence

Question 8

Income inequality/concentration of wealth

Answer 8

Economic growth was not distributed evenly in America.
Only a minority of people(the rich) controlled the wealth in America, the majority were left in low incomes and worked harsh jobs.

Question 9

Gilded Age

Answer 9

A derogatory term to represent the Second Industrial Revolution.
Created by Mark Twain.
Illustrated the remarkable expansion of economy and it’s corruption.

Question 10

Social Darwinism

Answer 10

Application of Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of “survival of the fittest’ to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty.
The rich were at the top.
The poor were responsible for their own sad fate.

Question 11

The Free Market

Answer 11

An era where people wanted to limit the government’s influence on the economy of America. Made contracts that gave authority and power to the workplace(ended up being bad)

Question 12

Liberty Contract

Answer 12

A judicial concept whereby courts overturned laws regulating later conditions as violations of economic freedom of both employers and employees

Question 13

Great Railroad Strike

Answer 13

The first national strike in 1877 where union workers protesting a pay cut stopped all workings of railroads.
Rail markets were paralyzed, American troops where forced to attack the unionists.

Question 14

Haymarket Affair

Answer 14

An anarchist protest(protesting wage reduction) that led to violence in Chicago(1886) when a bomb went off during the assembly.
8 people died and led to the rise of anarchism.
Government sided with big industries(forever will)

Question 15

Westward Expansion/agriculture

Answer 15

Americans moved westwards for more expansion and influence over industrial agriculture and economy.
Native Americans were driven out of their homes and placed into concentration camps

Question 16

Mining

Answer 16

America’s wealthy sources of natural resources caused many immigrants to move to the United States

Question 17

Chinese Immigration

Answer 17

Initially starts during the California Gold Rush era.
Chinese were put up with jobs working at Railroads and played a major role in building them.
U.S tried to turn Chinese immigrants into slaves.
Anti-chinese sentiments arose
Restrictions were placed on Chinese immigrants and many weren’t allowed to go to school.

Question 18

Plains Indians

Answer 18

Native Americans that lived in the western regions of America before the U.S started to expand westward.

Question 19

Buffalo

Answer 19

A major food and economic sources for native Americans living in the western regions.
American strove to kill off this animal in order to cause the native tribes to grow extinct.

Question 20

Nez Perce(Pierced nose)

Answer 20

A group of Plain Indians led by Chief Joseph. Sought to escape to Canada to avoid attacks from American troops/settlers. They were caught and they were forced to surrender and to travel a long trail to Oklahoma

Question 21

Battle of Little Bighorn 1876

Answer 21

Most famous battle during the conflicts of Indians and American settlers.
Occured in the Montana territory.
The first and only war won by the Natives.

Question 22

Assimilation

Answer 22

Created by Richard Henry Pratt
An establishment of boarding schools for Indian Children.
Removed them from their tribes and family.
Native Children were forced to learn the American way. The schools were mistreated and many children died and were punished.

Question 23

Dawes Act

Answer 23

Law passed in 1887 to encourage the adoption of white norms among Indians ;broke tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families.
Eroded many native cultures and took much of their lands

Question 24

Ghost Dance

Answer 24

A spiritual and political movement among the Native Americans whose followers performed a ceremonial dance.
Americans misconstrued the dance to be an riot in the making.
Led to the Wounded Knee Massacre- millions of natives were killed.

Question 25

Political Corruption

Answer 25

The rising power of new corporations led to disturbing questions for American understanding of political freedom.
Wealth started to influence politics and led to unfair living conditions for the working class/poor people.

Question 26

Political Stalemate

Answer 26

Democrats and Republicans held new differences other than were they resided.
Democrats= South
Republicans=North
Congress was unable to influence the federal government.

Question 27

Interstate Commerce Commision (ICC)

Answer 27

Organization established by Congress to regulate railroads that crossed over state lines.

Question 28

Populists

Answer 28

A group founded in 1892 that advocated a variety of reform issues, including free coming of silver, income taxes, postal savings, regulation of Railroads, and direct election of U.S senators.
Heavy sympathizers of Farmers

Question 29

Pullman’s Strike 1883

Answer 29

Where railroad workers boycotted the handling of trains with Pullman cars.
Led by Eugene Debs and activated by the railroad union.
Crippled the national rail service and federal government was forced to get involved.

Question 30

In re Debs

Answer 30

Supreme Court decision that confirmed the sentence and approved the use of injunctions against striking labor unions.

Question 31

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 31

Congressman from Nebraska that was elected by the Democrats and Populists for Presidency in 1896.
Proclaimed for “free silver”

Question 32

“Free Silver”

Answer 32

Called from unrestricted minting of silver and four the production of paper money to continue.
Pro-inflation-wanted to give Farmers some benefits

Question 33

Campaign of 1896

Answer 33

William Mckinley won the election
-shattered the political stalemate between the Republicans and Democrats .

Question 34

Blacks in the new South

Answer 34

Treated horrible and were targeted by ruthless white americans.
Lynching, segregation, restrictions, etc ensued.

Question 35

Plessy V. Ferguson

Answer 35

The Supreme Court Decision that supported the legality of Jim Crow laws and that permitted the “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites.

Question 36

“Separate but Equal”

Answer 36

Segregation of whites and blacks in cities, towns, states in America

Question 37

Lost Cause

Answer 37

A romanticized version of slavery in the old south.
Reinvention of the civil war.
Claimed that slavery wasn’t the cause for the Civil War. (I call BS)

Question 38

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 38

1882 law that halted Chinese Immigration to the United States.
Women and children were mostly targeted.
Chinese suffered intense discrimination

Question 39

Yick Wo v. Hopkins

Answer 39

Court decision made in 1886, that considered legal status of chinese-americans.
Court ordered San Francisco to grant license to chinese- operating laundries.

Question 40

United States v. Wong Kim Ark

Answer 40

Court decision made in 1898 which awarded citizenship to children of Chinese immigrants born on American soil.

Question 41

Annexation of Hawaii

Answer 41

Americans wanted to take over Hawaii for more economical advantages such as lands for plantations for sugar/etc.
Queen Liliuokalani was driven out of her throne and Hawaii was made into U.S Territory

Question 42

Yellow Press

Answer 42

new stories that painted the Spanish empire as barbaric to provoke war to occur against Americans and the Spanish Empire

Question 43

U.S.S Maine

Answer 43

American warship sent to Cuba to protect economic interests.
Warship was blown to pieces and resulted in America causing to declare war on the Spanish Empire.

Question 44

Spanish American War

Answer 44

Started in the Philippines when American troops teamed up with Emilio Aguinaldo to help give Filipinos their independence.
Americans win the war and start to annex the newly freed Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
Teddy Roosevelt was the reason the war even started, was seen as a national hero.

Question 45

Jose Marti

Answer 45

Leader of the Cuban Independence movement

Question 46

Teller Amendment/Platt Amendment

Answer 46

American troops most leave Cuba after the war and that Cuba was not subject to the constitution.

Question 47

Water Cure

Answer 47

Form of torture used during the Spanish American War.
-water boarding

Question 48

William Howard Taft

Answer 48

First governor of the Philippines in 1901

Question 49

Insular Cases

Answer 49

A series of cases in which the supreme court rule that constitutional protection or individual rights did not apply to people living in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines.

Question 50

White Man’s Burden

Answer 50

A book written by Rudyard Kipling, that encouraged Americans that it was their god-given right to teach their norms to inferior races and areas.

Question 51

Anti-Imperialists

Answer 51

A group of prominent politicians, industrialists, labor leaders, and social reformers that protests American territorial expansion(especially in the Philippines)