Unit 5 test

Question 1

Peculiar Institution

Answer 1

An institution of slavery very unique to southern society
contradicted the idea of the republic
Mason-Dixon line was created, divided America between slave and free states.

Question 2

Cotton and Slavery

Answer 2

19th century cotton replaced sugar as the worlds major crop produced by slave labor
Economy investment by slave labor grew

Question 3

Second Middle Passage

Answer 3

A massive trade in slaves within the U.S.
Many slaves were transported from Africa to the states
conditions were horrible and many people suffered.

Question 4

Planter Class

Answer 4

Own most of the lands and the majority was slave owners(owned 10%)
dominated southern life and enjoyed high incomes, fertile land, amd power.
Developed modern businesses and accountants.

Question 5

Paternalism

Answer 5

Slave holding men took personal responsibility for the health of their slaves.
Enabled owners to think themselves kind, even when they heavily mistreated their slaves.

Question 6

Pro-slavery Argument

Answer 6

Southerners saw slavery as a stable and safe basis for free institutions
used racism, religion, and paternalism as ways to argue their point.

Question 7

Abolition Movement

Answer 7

Extreme movement of anti-slavery
Desired to end slavery and free all slaves
Radical actions were taken to try and abolish slavery

Question 8

George Fitzhugh

Answer 8

A virginian writer who claimed that slavery was the general, normal basis of society
Slavery was a fundamental law.
Believed that slaves were happy and the most freest people in the world ):

Question 9

Slavery and the Law

Answer 9

Slave rights were heavily enforced and they lived in constant toil and went through brutal punishments
-they could be sold
-they could not testify in court
-could not acquire property
- restricted from education

Question 10

Free Blacks

Answer 10

Upper South: Not many lived in there. Those that did worked for wages as farm laborers.
Lower south: could not vote or had any political voice. Prohibited from owning firearms, dogs, and liquor. Could not “strike” anyone even in self defense. Could not testify in court.

Question 11

Urban Slavery

Answer 11

slaves that worked in the city as servants, cooks, and domestic laborers.
Not all slaves lived on plantations and could live on their own.
Most southerns thought them as slobs

Question 12

Slave Families

Answer 12

Laws did not recognize marriage between slaves and family morals.
Slaves valued family greatly
Families were under the constant threat of being separated from being sold to different owners.
Thousands of families were separated.

Question 13

Gender Roles of Slaves

Answer 13

Both men and women equally experienced the feelings of powerlessness.
Women worked in the field with men.
Both got punishments
Women suffered from being seually abused by their masters.

Question 14

Black Church

Answer 14

A community of slaves who practiced religion, held assemblies, and taught education.

Question 15

Resistance to slavery

Answer 15

Slaves rose up by conducting rebellions, running away from slave owners, creating the underground railroad, and doing poor work.

Question 16

Underground Railroad

Answer 16

A lose organization and secret network of sympathetic abolitionists who hid fugitive slaves in their homes

Question 17

Harriet Tubman

Answer 17

a fugitive slave who risked her life by making multiple trips(using the underground railroad) to her state of birth and leading relatives and other slaves out and into Philadelphia
liberated many

Question 18

Denmark Vesey’s Conspiracy

Answer 18

A failed slave uprising in Charleston.
Reflected a combination of American and African influence

Question 19

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Answer 19

a bloody rebellion led by Nat turner, who believed god chose him to lead an uprising
was very bloody and violent(50 whites were killed)
White fear killed thousands of innocent slaves and the rebellion failed.
Inspired by the Haitian Rebellion

Question 20

Reaction of Slave Revolts

Answer 20

Southerns added new stricter laws and punishments to slaves after the rebellions.
Conditions worsened for slaves

Question 21

Utopian Communities

Answer 21

100 reform communities that surfaced in the Northern states of America.
Arose from religious conduct and secular desire.
Most banned relationships.
Groups include the Shakers and the Oneida

Question 22

Robert Owen

Answer 22

An important reform communitarian.
Established the New Harmony Community that defended women’s rights, sought to educate kids, and strongly influenced labor movements.

Question 23

Temperance Movement

Answer 23

sought to redeem habitual drunks
a lot of men quit drinking
women strongly agreed with the movement for it stop their husbands from being violent with them
Aroused considerable hostility among men though

Question 24

Critics of Reforms

Answer 24

Included Catholics: who were against the temperance movement, and people who thought that the reform was attacking American freedom

Question 25

Colonization

Answer 25

Promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of blacks in Liberia, Africa.
Basically wanted to keep blacks and whites separated from one another.

Question 26

Militant Abolitionism

Answer 26

abolitionists who rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and used violence.
Examples: David Walker and John Brown

Question 27

David Walker

Answer 27

A free blackman who wrote “An appeal to the colored people”
claimed that blacks had the right to be called Americans.
Inspired slaves to take their freedom with violence
instilled pride in the black community
threaten whites they’d receive divine punishment for their mistreatment of blacks

Question 28

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 28

A white abolitionist who worked at the and published for the “Liberator”
Wanted more peaceful movements and provided help by printing Walker’s Appeal everywhere.
Used moral suasion to convince people that slavery was morally wrong.

Question 29

Black vs. White Abolitionists

Answer 29

Blacks: held leading roles in the movement and served as board of directors and major organizers. Encouraged violence if the need arises.
Whites: Were more reserved in their help. Wanted to use more peaceful movements and tried to stay clear of violence.

Question 30

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 30

A white abolitionist that wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
modeled it after a fugitive slave. Illustrated and truthfully illuminated black’s kind nature and was a huge influence to society.
Although it still had stereotypes about blacks in it

Question 31

Gentlemen of property and standing

Answer 31

A group of merchants with close commercial ties in the south, who led mobs and disrupted abolitionist meetings in norther cities.
Led by William Garrison.
Destroyed and burned down many halls

Question 32

Frederick Douglass

Answer 32

A former slave who published accounts of his life in bondage
convinced thousands of northerners the evils of slavery.
Was the most important abolitionist.

Question 33

Gag Rule

Answer 33

Rules made by Southerns that prohibited abolitionists consideration. You could not say anything bad about slavery

Question 34

Origins of Feminism

Answer 34

Abolitionist movement strengthened due to women’s influence.
Most came from the north.
Public sphere was open to women, they were able to share their opinions.
Learned the language of liberty and started fighting for their rights.

Question 35

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 35

A convention gathered on the behalf of women’s rights in New York. Raised the issue of suffrage and held meetings for Abolitionists.

Question 36

The Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 36

Basically the declaration of independance but women were included.

Question 37

Women Suffrage

Answer 37

Women in the south had the opportunity to vote, but not women in the north.

Question 38

Manifest Destiny

Answer 38

The ideal that it was white’s god-given right to take control of the whole continent of America.
All other races were considered inferior and were heavily mistreated and or driven from their homes.

Question 39

Texas Revolt

Answer 39

Americans settled into Texas(which was under the Mexican Government)
The Mexican Gov allowed this and asked the settlers to follow their rules in exchange.
The settlers broke all of the gov’s rules and some took action to send the settlers away.
Settlers fought back and called for Texas independence.
Texas became a part of the US as a result.

Question 40

James K. Polk

Answer 40

President during the Mexican war.
Encouraged pro-slavery values and firmly believes in manifest destiny.
Elected for only one term.
Apprentice of Andrew Jackson
Started the Mexican war by falsely claiming that the mexicans shed blood first on american soil.(not true)

Question 41

The Mexican War

Answer 41

First American conflict fought on primarily foreign soil and the first in which american troops occupied a foreign capital. Sparked by the dispute over the annexation of Texas.
America won and they doubled in size.

Question 42

Criticism of Mexican War

Answer 42

Northerns and Abe Lincoln opposed of the idea of starting a war.
Spot Revolutions: Critics questioned whether Polk was lying about who spilt blood first.

Question 43

California Gold Rush

Answer 43

The findings of gold caused a massive migration of Americans into California territory. Allowed Cali to be settled, which caused many natives to be turned into slaves.

Question 44

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 44

Attempt to say Mexican lands would not be slave states.
Many southerns opposed the attempt
Attempted failed

Question 45

Free Soil Party

Answer 45

Political organization formed to oppose slavery in the territory acquired in the Mexican War
Believed that if you owned land, you had a responsibility to take care of it without the use of slaves.
Didn’t want to abolish slavery, just wanted to stop it from spreading.
Wanted to separate themselves completely from the blacks.
Got incorporated into the Republican party later on.

Question 46

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 46

The southern principle whereby the status of slavery would be determined by the votes of local settlers and the state government instead of the federal government.

Question 47

Compromise of 1850

Answer 47

The compromise where California would become a free state and in exchanged a new fugitive slave law would be created for the southerners.
FAILED

Question 48

Fugitive Slave Law (new)

Answer 48

A new act that allowed special federal commissioners to determine the alleged fate of fugitives without benefit of a jury trial or even testimony by the accused individual.
All fugitives must be sent back to their masters if caught, even in free states

Question 49

Stephen Douglass

Answer 49

Representative of the Democratic Party.
Competed with Lincoln in the Election of 1860.
Represents popular sovereignty.

Question 50

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 50

Last attempt to settle the issue of slavery.
Slavery could exists north of the northern line and the state of slavery will be decided by popular sovereignty.

Question 51

Rise of the Republican Party

Answer 51

Reflected underlying economic and social changes, notably the completion of the market revolution.
Most were Free soilers, yet some abolitionists joined despite their differing opinions on the extend of the abolition of slavery.

Question 52

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 52

There was two official state governments in Kansas.
Argued whether Kansas should be a free or slave state
Led to brutal violence between the two governments

Question 53

Caning of Charles Sumner

Answer 53

A southern democrat beat a northern abolition with a cane during a assembly. Shows just how brutal and violent the dispute over slavery was.

Question 54

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

Answer 54

The worst Supreme Court Decision.
Dred Scott(a slave) testified his freedom for he set foot in free state land, meaning he had a right. Court refuses him and comes to the decision that no African Americans could be citizens of the United States.

Question 55

Abe Lincoln

Answer 55

Was a lawyer before diving further into politics.
Was a free soiler and wanted to stop slavery from spreading, but didn;t want to abolish it fully.
Thought it wasn’t his right to try and stop slavery
Won the election of 1860
Became an abolitionist during the Civil War;sought to end slavery

Question 56

John Brown

Answer 56

A white militant abolitionist willing to used violence to end slavery.
Gathered and encouraged a group(that included his sons) attempted to conduct a slave rebellion on Harper’s Ferry.
He stole guns and military resources.
Rebellion failed and he was executed.

Question 57

Democratic party Splits

Answer 57

The Democratic party in the south split into three. Each elected different people to run for president. A main reason why Lincoln won.

Question 58

Session crisis

Answer 58

Before Lincoln can take office, many southern states who wanted to protect the institution of slavery and who hated Lincoln desperately started seceding from the United States.

Question 59

Confederate States of America

Answer 59

The Southern State’s own government where they adopted a constitution and elected Jefferson Davis as President. President had more power.

Question 60

Fort Sumter

Answer 60

The battle that started the civil war. Confederate forces fired first after union troops attempted to provision the fort.