EXAM REVIEW: Unit 2: Age of Reformation

Question 1

Reformation explaination… (Ref)

Answer 1

Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther

Question 2

What were the POLITICAL reasons for the Reformation? (Ref)

Answer 2

The debate about church involvement in state affairs

Question 3

What were the ECONOMIC reasons for the Reformation? (Ref)

Answer 3

The church imposed taxes, called the Tithe as well as other laws

Question 4

What were some things Martin Luther criticized about the Catholic church? (Ref)

Answer 4

The selling of indulgences, taxes by the church, and simony (selling of church offices)

Question 5

Who posted the 95 Thesis on the door of the church in Wittenburg, Germany? (Ref)

Answer 5

Martin Luther

Question 6

Where did the Protestant Reformation originate? (Ref)

Answer 6

Wittenburg, Germany

Question 7

What did Johann Tetzel do in the Reformation? (Ref)

Answer 7

Promoted the sale of indulgences, coined, “as soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”

Question 8

Debate between Luther and Johann Eck over theological ideas (Ref)

Answer 8

Leipzig debate

Question 9

What theology did Martin Luther believe in? (Ref)

Answer 9

Salvation by faith alone, Priesthood of all Believers, no Purgatory

Question 10

What happened at the Diet of Worms? (Ref)

Answer 10

Charles V orders Luther to recant his beliefs, Luther is excommunicated

Question 11

What was the time period in which the Reformation took place? (Ref)

Answer 11

1500s to 1600s (16th and 17th century)

Question 12

What was the League of Schmalkalden? (Ref)

Answer 12

Lutheran princes allied against the Holy Roman Empire Catholics and Charles V

Question 13

What were the Hapsburg-Valois wars? (Ref)

Answer 13

Series of wars between France (allied with Schmalkaldic League) and the Holy Roman Empire, ended with Peace of Augsburg, which divised Germany into Lutheran and Catholic areas

Question 14

Who was John Knox and what did he do? (Ref)

Answer 14

Calvinist who led the Reformation in Scotland

“John Knox knocked and opened the door to the ref in scotland”

Question 15

What made the Anabaptists different from other religions? (Ref)

Answer 15

They believed in adult baptism, rather than infant baptism

Question 16

Believed in predestination, Bible was the ultimate authority (Ref)

Answer 16

John Calvin

Question 17

What did Zwingli and Luther disagree on? (Ref)

Answer 17

The nature of the sacrament (whether the blood of Jesus was physically in the sacrament)

Question 18

King of Britain, known for having six wives… (Ref)

Answer 18

Henry VIII

Question 19

What was the act of Supremacy and why did Henry VIII enact it? (Ref)

Answer 19

Made Henry head of church of England, due to dispute between him and the pope over divorce

Question 20

How did Mary I earn her nickname “Bloody Mary?” (Ref)

Answer 20

She persecuted Protestants in an effort to convert the church of England back to Catholicism

Question 21

Explain the Spanish Armada (Ref)

Answer 21

Spanish ships sent to the English channel, Elizabeth I discovers, and defeats the Spanish

Question 22

Enemy of Elizabeth I, ruler of Spain, Catholic (Ref)

Answer 22

Phillip II

Question 23

Also known as the “War of the Three Henrys” (Ref)

Answer 23

French Civil war

Question 24

Explain St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (Ref)

Answer 24

Catherine de Medeci enacts the massacre of thousands of Huguenots in France

Question 25

What did the Edict of Nantes do? (Ref)

Answer 25

Granted religious rights to the Huguenots in France

Question 26

What was Baroque art? (Ref)

Answer 26

Advertisements meant to recruit commoners to the church

Question 27

What was the Council of Trent? (Ref)

Answer 27

Meeting of the Catholic church to discuss religious dogma and teachings opposed by Protestants

Question 28

What did the Peace of Westphalia do? (Ref)

Answer 28

Resolved the 30 Years War

Question 29

What was the Thirty Years War and where did it take place? (Ref)

Answer 29

War between the Catholics and Protestants in Germany, had four phases (Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French)

Question 30

What did Christopher Columbus do? (Ref)

Answer 30

Landed in Haiti, treated natives harshly, buy 1555 the natives will be gone.

Question 31

Portuguese ship design during the Age of Exploration (Ref/AOE)

Answer 31

Caravel

Question 32

What did Sir Henry the Navigator do?(Ref/AOE)

Answer 32

Wanted to find the source of African gold, looked for Prestor John, a man who supposedly built a Christian kingdom

Question 33

First man to round the tip of Southern Africa(Ref/AOE)

Answer 33

Bartholomew Dias

Question 34

First man to sail to India around Africa (Ref/AOE)

Answer 34

Vasco de Gama

Question 35

First man to circumnavigate the earth(Ref/ AOE)

Answer 35

Ferdinand Magellan

magellan-melon-round-rounds the earth

Question 36

What is Hernan Cortes known for? (Ref/AOE)

Answer 36

Spanish conquest of the Aztecs/ kidnapping Moctezuma II

Question 37

What was the encomienda system? (Ref/AOE)

Answer 37

forced labor of slaves, used by Spanish

Question 38

Where were the majority of slaves shipped to in the African Slave trade? (Ref/ AOE)

Answer 38

Brazil

Question 39

What was the “Price Revolution?”

Answer 39

Increased cost of goods due to influx of gold in spain