exercise physiology Flashcards
(15 cards)
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the performance capacity of horses?
A. Upper airway function
B. Increase in oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to splenic contraction
C. Increase in maximum heart rate in response to training
D. Enhanced oxidative enzymatic activity in response to training
C. Increase in maximum heart rate in response to training
Which of the following is NOT a muscular adaptation to training?
A. Increase in muscle capillary density
B. Increased density of mitochondria
C. Enhanced oxidative enzymatic activity
D. Decreased size of mitochondria
D. Decreased size of mitochondria
Which of the following best describes in order from greatest to least, the aerobic contribution to overall energy production of these equine performance disciplines?
A. Endurance > Thoroughbred racing > Barrel racing
B. Barrel racing > Thoroughbred racing > Endurance
C. Thoroughbred racing > Barrel racing > Endurance
D. Endurance > Barrel racing > Thoroughbred racing
A. Endurance > Thoroughbred racing > Barrel racing
Which of the following does NOT cause a low arterial partial pressure of oxygen?
A. Hypoventilation
B. V/Q mismatch
C. Right-to-left shunt
D. Decreased cardiac output
D. Decreased cardiac output
Horses experience exercise-induced hypoxaemia. However, there are several factors which theoretically should work to increase the oxygen diffusion capacity during exercise. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the theoretical increased diffusion capacity of oxygen during exercise?
A. Low mixed venous oxygen partial pressure
B. Decreased capillary transit time due to increased cardiac output
C. Increased surface area for gas exchange
D. Dilation and recruitment of poorly perfused or non-perfused sections of the pulmonary capillary bed
B. Decreased capillary transit time due to increased cardiac output
Which of the following features of respiratory function during exercise is NOT a contributing factor to the limitation of performance?
A. Mechanical constraint on ventilation due to the coupling between breathing and stride frequency (LRC)
B. Increased resistance of the upper airways
C. Nostril flare
D. Increased energy demands of the respiratory muscles
C. Nostril flare
Which of the following parameters can be calculated using treadmill exercise to assess the anaerobic capacity of an individual?
A. V̇O2max (Maximum oxygen consumption)
B. MAOD (Maximum accumulated oxygen deficit)
C. V200 (Speed at which the heart rate reaches 200 bpm)
D. V̇O2peak (Peak oxygen consumption)
B. MAOD (Maximum accumulated oxygen deficit)
Which of the following is NOT a challenge/limitation of performing an exercise test in the field?
A. Accurate representation of energy demands a horse experiences for its performance discipline
B. Variable weather and track conditions
C. Difficult control of speed
D. Difficult blood sampling during exercise
A. Accurate representation of energy demands a horse experiences for its performance discipline
Which of the following can NOT be measured in the field?
A. Oxygen consumption (aerobic capacity)
Which of the following can NOT be measured in the field?
A. Oxygen consumption (aerobic capacity)
B. Maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (anaerobic capacity)
C. Peak blood lactate
D. Heart rate
C. Peak blood lactate
D. Heart rate
B. Maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (anaerobic capacity)
Which of the following does NOT affect the maximal oxygen consumption of a horse?
A. Lung function
B. Cardiac output
C. Efficiency of gas exchange
D. Exercise intensity (above that which is required to elicit a plateau in oxygen consumption)
D. Exercise intensity (above that which is required to elicit a plateau in oxygen consumption)
Which of the following is NOT an effect of a high-intensity warm-up?
A. Vasodilatation and increased blood flow at the onset of the subsequent exercise
B. Increased blood lactate accumulation rate
C. Increase in acidaemia induces a right-shift in the oxyhaemoglobin equilibrium curve
D. Increased pulmonary arterial temperature
B. Increased blood lactate accumulation rate
Which of the following statements regarding blood lactate is TRUE?
A. There is a linear relationship between blood lactate concentration and speed
B. Blood lactate concentration peaks 30 minutes after the completion of high-intensity exercise
C. There is an exponential relationship between blood lactate concentration and speed
D. Arabians will have a higher maximum blood lactate concentration than Thoroughbreds under supramaximal exercise conditions
C. There is an exponential relationship between blood lactate concentration and speed
The anaerobic threshold is the level of work at which lactate starts to accumulate in the blood. This is arbitrarily defined as the horse’s speed at the point where blood lactate reaches 4 mmol/L. Respiratory disease can impair oxygen exchange. What impact might this respiratory disease have on VLa4, when compared to the same horse earlier in the season (before the onset of disease)?
A. Higher than expected
B. No change from expected
C. Lower than expected
C. Lower than expected
A higher than expected heart rate for a given exercise intensity might be a sign of what?
A. The horse is in pain and should be assessed further
B. The horse is fit in comparison to a cohort control group
C. The horse is ready to compete
A. The horse is in pain and should be assessed further
During an incremental speed test, the horse needs to complete ___ at each speed, in order to reach steady-state at that workload, before increasing in speed to the next step.
A. 15–30 seconds
B. 30–45 seconds
C. 45–60 seconds
D. 75–90 seconds
C. 45–60 seconds
