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Flashcards in Extra Info Deck (26)
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1
Q

What are molecules that influence the rates of chemical reactions but are not consumed in the process

A

Catalysts

2
Q

What is a chemical bond between atoms that shares electrons

A

Covalent

3
Q

The attraction of positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end is called what?

A

Hydrogen bond

4
Q

What are positively charged ions?

A

Cations

5
Q

What are negatively charged ions

A

Anions

6
Q

what are chemicals that resist PH change

A

Buffers

7
Q

Solutions with more hydrogen ions that hydroxide ions are considered what

A

Acidic pH values less than 7.0

8
Q

Solutions with fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions are what

A

Basic (alkaline) pH greater than 7

9
Q

What are some inorganic molecules

A

Water. Oxygen. Carbon dioxide.

10
Q

What is the main difference between organic and inorganic substances.

A

Inorganic dissolve in water and disassociate, forming ions. Organic mostly dissolve in alcohol, the ones that do dissolve in water don’t realize ions.

11
Q

What is a polysaccharide abundant in plants?

A

Cellulose

12
Q

What do humans synthesize that is similar to starch?

A

Glycogen

13
Q

What are the building blocks of fat molecules?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

14
Q

What is fatty acids is when single carbon atoms bind as many hydrogen atoms as possible?

A

Saturated

15
Q

What’s the difference between saturated and Unsaturated fats

A

Saturated are more abundant in fatty solid food. Unsaturated are in foods that are liquid at too temp.

16
Q

What are the most heart healthy fats

A

Monounsaturated

17
Q

What process produces trans fats

A

Hydrogenation

18
Q

What proteins carry oxygen in the blood and muscles

A

Hemoglobin and myoglobin

19
Q

What are enzymes

A

Catalysts in living systems; speed chemical rearixons without being consumed

20
Q

What lipid is connected by 4 rings of carbon?

A

Steroids is

21
Q

What lipid is three fatty acid molecules bound to a glycerol molecule

A

Triglycerides

22
Q

What is the name given to cells with nuclei

A

Eukaryotic “true nucleus”

23
Q

What name is given to cells of bacteria

A

Prokaryotic

24
Q

Name some biochemical reactions from peroxisomes

A

Synthesis of vile acids in fat disgetion. Breakdown of lipids called very long cabin fatty acids. Degradation of rare biochemicals. Detox of alcohol. Form phospholipids of nervous system

25
Q

When can diffusion only occur

A

If the cell membrane is permeable to that substance and a concentration gradient exists such that the substance is at a higher concentration on one side of the membrane or the other

26
Q

What form of movement through the cell does HIV use

A

Transcytosis