Eye

Question 1

Palpebrae (Eyelid)

Answer 1

• eyelashes
• medial and lateral canthus
• Levator Palpebrae Superioris m.
• Tarsal/meibomian glands that secrete lipid mucus to keep eyelids lubricated

Question 2

Eyebrows

Answer 2

• protect light

- prevent sweat

Question 3

Conjunctiva types and purpose

Answer 3

• Palpebral
• Bulbar
  purpose: to lubricate eye

Question 4

Palpebral Conjuctiva

Answer 4

attached to inner eyelid

Question 5

Bulbar Conjuctiva

Answer 5

attached to eyeball

thin and transparent

Question 6

Lacrimal Gland

Answer 6

• tears: protects, cleans, and lubricates eye

- superior and medial of the eye

Question 7

Lacrimal duct pathway

Answer 7

lacrimal puncta –> lacrimal canliculi –> lacrimal sacs –> nasolacrimal duct –> inferior nasal meatus

Question 8

Eye muscles and CN

Answer 8

1) Levator Palpebrae Superioris - CN III
2) Superior Rectus - CN III
3) Inferior Rectus - CN III
4) Medial Rectus - CN III
5) Lateral Rectus - CN IV (abducens n)
6) Superior Oblique - CN VI (trochlear n)
7) Inferior Oblique - CN III
LR6 SO4

Question 9

CN III

Answer 9

has parasympathetic tone so it can constrict and dilate the lens

Question 10

Sclera

Answer 10

• 5/6 posterior of eye
• white
• fibrous
• protects and shapes the eyeball
• has ext and intrinsic m.

Question 11

Cornea

Answer 11

• 1/6 anterior of eye
• allows light to come into eye
• fibrous
• transparent
• avascular but able to regenerate itself
• CN V1 (trigemineal nerve - opthalmic- sensory)

Question 12

Vascular layers

Answer 12

1) Choroid
2) Cilliary body
3) Iris

Question 13

Choroid

Answer 13

• between the sclera and retina
• highly vascular
• brown pigment that absorbs light but prevents it from becoming scattered

Question 14

Cilliary body

Answer 14

1) cilliary m.
2) cilliary process
- connects choroid with iris
- rings of tissue that surrounds the lens (attached)

Question 15

Cilliary m

Answer 15

able to change the shape of the lens (constrict/dilate)

Question 16

ciliary process

Answer 16

folds that make up fluids that fill the anterior segment

Question 17

Iris

Answer 17

• anterior surface of the lens

- thin and contractile diaphragm that constricts and dilates the lens: has radial and circular smooth m.

Question 18

Pupil

Answer 18

• central aperture in the iris

- allows light into the eye

Question 19

Retina

Answer 19

• inner layer
• adjacent to choroid
• brown pigments that absorbs light but doesn’t scatter the light

Question 20

Neurons of the retina

Answer 20

1) Photoreceptors - rods (light), cones (color)
2) bipolar cells - intermediate layer
3) ganglion cells - all together forms the CN II (optic n.)

Question 21

Optic disc

Answer 21

where all the nerves (CN II) exits cxing the “blind spot” b/c there’s no photoreceptors there

Question 22

Macula Lutea

Answer 22

mostly cones

Question 23

Fovea Centralis

Answer 23

center of macular and ONLY has cones –> most acute vision

Question 24

Blood supply: rods and cones

Answer 24

choroid artery

Question 25

Blood supply: rest of retina

Answer 25

central artery from the opthalmic artery

Question 26

Anterior segment of eye

Answer 26

- aqueous humor from the ciliary process and body --> continuously drained; if not then pressure builds up cxing glaucoma - anterior chamber: cornea to iris - posterior chamber: iris to lens

Question 27

Posterior segment of eye

Answer 27

-vitreous humor: helps shape the eye

Question 28

Lens

Answer 28

- biconvex - transparent - anchored by zonular fibers to cilliary processes

Question 29

Visual pathway

Answer 29

retina --> optic nerve (CN II) --> optic chiasm --> optic tract (contralateral information) --> thalamus --> optic radiations --> occipital lobe (primary visual cortex)