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Women's Health Flashcards

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0
Q

Where is the breast tissue?

A

subcutaneous
overlies pectoarlis major and minor
parts of serratus anterior and external oblique
ribs 2-6

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1
Q

What is the breast?

A

modified sweat gland

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2
Q

What is a lobe?

A

has lobules
has fat in between lobues
compound alveolar glands

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3
Q

What is axillary tail?

A

extra piece that extends over pectoralis major to axilla

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4
Q

What is suspensory ligaments (of cooper)?

A

piece of breast tissue that connect to the skin

skeletal support for the breast

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5
Q

What are the ducts?

A

lobes and lobules are connect to ducts

take the milk from the area its produced to the nipples

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6
Q

What are lobules?

A

clusters of alveoli

produces milk

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7
Q

What is the lactiferous ducts?

A

the largest duct

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8
Q

What is stroma?

A

tissue that surrounds the glandular tissue

ALL THE TISSUE EXCEPT GLANDULAR TISSUE

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9
Q

What is the blood supply for breast - medial mammary?

A

subclavian artery –> internal thoracic artery –> medial mammary branches

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10
Q

What is the lactiferous sinus?

A

DEEP to aerola

dilated region of the lactiferous duct

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11
Q

What is the blood supply - lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial artery?

A

subclavian artery –> axillary artery –> lateral thoracic thoracoacromial artery

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12
Q

What is the blood supply - lateral mammary branches?

A

thoracic aorta –> posterior intercostal artery –> lateral mammary branches

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13
Q

How can cancer spread via blood in breast?

A

connections between intercostal veins and vertebral plexus which goes to bones and nervous system

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14
Q

What is the breast lymphatic drainage?

A

very important because that is how PRIMARY cancer spreads b/c 75% of drainage goes through axillary lymph nodes

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15
Q

What are the breast quadrants?

A 
superior lateral
superior medial
inferior lateral
inferior medial
4 total
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16
Q

How can breast cancer spread?

A

medial quadrants drain into the parasternal breast lymph nodes
OR
contralateral breast lymph nodes
lower quadrants can drain into abdominal lymph nodes

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17
Q

What is the uterus?

A

hollow ‘pear shaped’ that looks like an inverted triangle w/ Fallopian tubes attached at the corners

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18
Q

Parts of the uterus?

A

body - main part
fundus - rounded top
cervix - narrow neck that projects into vagina
isthmus - narrow region between BODY and CERVIX
external OS - opening into vagina
internal OS - opening into uterus

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19
Q

Is external OS and internal OS different holes?

A

NO - one continuous hole

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20
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

perimetrium - visceral periotoneum
myometerium - smooth muscle (main layer)
endometrium - inner layer; part is shed w/ menses

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21
Q

What is the endometrium - uterus?

A

glandular tissue AND stroma

2 main layers - basal and (spongiosa layer + compact epithelial cell) –> functionalis (shed during the menstural cycle)

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22
Q

How does the cell grow after the menstural cycle?

A

from the basal layer

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23
Q

What is the cervix?

A

lower narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina

cervical OS opens to the cervix

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24
What is the broad ligament?
part of the peritoneum
25
What are the subdivision of the broad ligament?
Mesometrium - lateral suppose - uterus Meoverium - ovary Mesosalpinx - uterine tube
26
What is the round ligament?
structure that helps support the uterus run through the deep inguinal ring --> inguinal canal --> superficial inguinal ring --> attaches to genitalia/labia majora
27
What is the transverse cervical ligament?
aka cardinal ligaments /Mckenrodt's ligament | attaches to the lateral side of the cervix and superior portion of the vagina --> attaches to the lateral wall of pelvic
28
What is the uterine tube?
aka oviduct/Fallopian tube receives the oocyte AFTER ovulation it is the SITE of fertilization
29
What are the parts of the uterine tube/ oviduct/ Fallopian tube?
infundibulum w/ fimbrae ampulla isthmus uterine portion
30
What is the fimbriae?
fringe like tissues near the ovary and leading to the Fallopian tube
31
What complications can occur at the uterine tube/oviduct/fallopian tube?
ectopic pregnancy b/c the fertilization occurs here PID can cause scarring infertility (d/t scarring) gonorrhea/chlamydia?
32
What are the ovaries?
sie of an almond MAKE the female hormones (esterogen and poregesterone) releases ova --> controls female body characteristics, menstural cycle, pregnancy
33
What is the ovary?
female gonad | oocyte released at ovulation
34
What does the ovary support?
suspensory ligament - to lateral body wal | proper ovarian ligament - ovary to uterus
35
What is the strucutre of an ovary - cycle?
primoridal follicle --> primary follicle --> oocyte --> secondary follice --> ONE becomes mature and releases oocytes in ovulation --> ANOTHER turns into corpus luteum --> corpus luteum does NOT get signal then dies and becomes corpus albicans --> corpurs lutuem releases progesterone
36
What does the follicles make?
andorgens and esterogen
37
Draw what haps the hormones during the 28 day period.
FSH - high at ovulation Estradiol - high right before ovulation LH - high at ovulation Progesterone - high at the luteal phase
38
When does ovulation phase occur?
day 14 - half way
39
How long does the luteal phase last?
4-5days
40
What signal tells the corpus luteum to make progesterone during pregnancy/
hCG
41
What is the adnexa? Abnormality?
region of the pelvis includes: Fallopian tube, ovary, broad ligament infertility
42
What is the vagina?
birth canal receives the sperm opening of the urethra and anus anterior, posterior, lateral fornix-recesses around cervix
43
What is the pelvic diaphragm floor?
funnel shaped separates pelvic cavity from perineum levator ani mm coccygeus m
44
What are the muscles of the levator ani?
puborectalis pubococcgyeus iliococcygeus
45
What is the purpose of levator ani?
so the organs don't get pushed out when abdominal pressure increases
46
What pelvic muscles do BOTH males and females have?
leavtor ani and cocygeus m
47
What is the urogential triangle?
pubic symphysis, ischiopubic ramus
48
What is w/in the urogenital triangle?
urethra and extrnal genitalia
49
What is the anal triangle?
coccyx, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
50
What is w/in the anal triangle?
anus
51
What is the perineal body?
central tendon of perineum
52
What the perineal body attach/border?
posterior border of vagina anterior border of external anal sphincter attachment of UG diaphragm and external anal sphincter
53
What is episiotomy?
surgical incision for perineum and vaginal wall decreases trauma to the pelvic diaphragm and perineum *easier to fix a CUT muscle than a TORN muscle
54
What nerves innervate the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perineal m?
pudenal --> perineal nerve | S2-S4
55
What is the labium majus - labia majora?
folds of skin that extend backwards from the mons pubis = to the scrotum in males merge into perineum in front of the anus outer surface --> hair inner surface is smooth and moistened by secretion labia majora has apocrine glands
56
What is the vulva?
external female genitalia
57
What is labiium mins - labia minora?
NO hair NO fat but VERY vascular --> turgid during sex
58
What is the vestibule?
part of the vulva | enclosed by the labia minora
59
What is the mons pubis?
rounded fatty mass covered w/ hair and coarse skin has glands lubrication during sex
60
What are the important openings of the vestibule?
1) external urethral opening | 2) vaginal opening
61
What is the crus of the clitoris?
continuous of the clitoris | attached to the pubis arch
62
What is the clitoris?
anterior apex of the vestibule formed by the corpus cavernosum covered by clitoris hood = to foreskin in males
63
What is the vestibular bulbs?
aka clitoris bulbs composed of the erectile tissue = bulb of penis and corpus cavernosum in males
64
What are the bartholins glands?
pea sized glands inside the vestibule produce mucoid secretion during sex to lubricate the vagina and cervix
65
What are the Skene's glands?
aka paraurtheral glands or lesser vestibular glands | = prostate in males
66
Where does the pudenal nerve come from?
sacral plexus: s2-s4 ventral rami
67
Pudenal nerve is motor or sensory?
BOTH | sensory: sensation to the external genitalia

Anatomy (11 decks)

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