Kidney

Question 1

Function of kidney

Answer 1

• filtrate
• retroperitoneal organ (behind the peritoneum but attached to the abdominal wall)
• located T12- L3 (left kidney is higher b/c there’s a liver on the right side of the kidney) (top part of the kidneys are protected by the ribs)
• muscles: psoas major m., quadriaous lambarum

Question 2

Tissues of the Kidneys

Answer 2

• renal fascia
• perinephric fat
• fibrous CT capsule

Question 3

Renal fasica

Answer 3

• tissue of kidney
• dense, fibrous CT
• anchors the kidney and adrenal gland

Question 4

Perineephric Fat

Answer 4

• tissue of kidney
• middle layer
• adipose fat
• cushions and protects kidneys

Question 5

Fibrous CT capsule

Answer 5

• tissue of kidney
• dense fibrous CT
• cushions and protects kidney

Question 6

Renal Column

Answer 6

cortical tissue in between the pyramids

Question 7

Hilum

Answer 7

where the tubes (artery, veins, and ureter) enter and exit the kidney

Question 8

Pathway of the kidney filtration

Answer 8

cortex –> pyramids –> papilla –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> pelvis –> ureter

Question 9

Renal Papilla

Answer 9

-newly formed urine is emptied to minor calyx

Question 10

Minor calyx

Answer 10

-empties out to major calyx

Question 11

Major Calyx

Answer 11

-empties to renal pelvis into ureter

Question 12

Nephron

Answer 12

• structural and functional unit of kidney
• glomerulus
• glomerular capsule and bowman’s capsule
• renal corpuscle
• renal tubule

Question 13

Glomerulus

Answer 13

• tuft of capillaries
• afferent and efferent arterioles
• fenestrated
• fxn: filter

Question 14

Glomerular capseula dn bowmans’ cpausel

Answer 14

• in the cortex
• cup shaped that surrounds the glomerulus
• parietal (tubes) and visceral layer (glomuerulus)

Question 15

Parietal layer (bowman’s capsule)

Answer 15

• simple squamous

- not involved in the filtration process

Question 16

Visceral layer

Answer 16

• podocytes (modified, branching epithelial layer)

- involved in filtration process

Question 17

Filteration membrane

Answer 17

• basement membrane
• podocytes (foot process)
• filtration slits (opening between the foot process) on the basement membrane
• fendestrated endothelium of glomerular capillary

Question 18

Renal corpuscle

Answer 18

• glomerulus AND glomerular capsule

- in the cortex

Question 19

Renal Tubules

Answer 19

• PCT (cortex)
• Loop of Henle (pyramids)
• DCT (cortext)

Question 20

Collecting Tubule

Answer 20

NOT part of nephron

Question 21

Juxamedullary

Answer 21

close to medullary/pyramids

Question 22

Cortical

Answer 22

close to cortex

Question 23

Ureter

Answer 23

• passes over the pelvic brim

- next to the bifrication of the common iliac arteries

Question 24

Ureter blood supply:

Answer 24

• major (renal artery)
• Gonadal artery (testicular/ovarian artery)
• Abdominal aorta

Question 25

urinary bladder

Answer 25

- pelvic organ | - rugae throughout the bladder except the trigone

Question 26

Urinary bladder Tissue

Answer 26

Transitional epithelium (stratified) b/c it is able to change shape depending on whether it's full (cells flatten) or empty (dome shaped)

Question 27

Urinary bladder muscle:

Answer 27

Detrusor muscle

Question 28

Adult vs Children

Answer 28

- adult: pelvic organ - children: intraabdominal organ b/c pelvis isn't grown --> very be careful b/c they're more prone to get it ruptured-think of seatbelts! --> starts moving down at age 6 and continuous until puberty

Question 29

Trigone

Answer 29

- posterior wall, smooth - 3 openings (ureter x2 and urethra - where infxn happens!

Question 30

Urethra: male vs female

Answer 30

- males have significantly longer urthera (less prone to UTI compared to females) - males: urthera needs to get through the prostate gland - females: uterus is in front of bladder and urethra

Question 31

Hroseshoe kidney

Answer 31

- kidney starts as pelvic organ (unlike bladder) and makes it's way up - inferior poles of the kidneys fuse together and gets stuck around L3-L5

Question 32

Renal Calculus

Answer 32

- obstruction of urine outflow | - referred pain

Question 33

Referred pain

Answer 33

visceral pain as somatic sensation d/t pathway of the information going to the CNS so they c/o low back pain for kidneys

Question 34

PKCD

Answer 34

- genetic disorder | - adult onset