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GI Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharynx parts?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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2
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A
  • superior to soft palate

- posterior to nose

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3
Q

Where is oropharynx

A

posterior to mouth

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4
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

posterior to pharynx

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5
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

helps get food down into the esophagus

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6
Q

What is the esophagus goal?

A

pathway to get food down to the stomach–> RAPID TRANSPORT

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7
Q

What is the esophagus?

A
  • thoracic organ

- travels through the diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the periteoneum?

A
  • mesentery
  • mesogastrium
  • transverse mesocolon
  • sigmoid mesocolon
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9
Q

What is the mesentery?

A
  • double layer of peritoneum enclosing organ
  • ATTACHES TO THE ABDOMINAL WALL
  • ANCHORING POINT for the GI organs so they don’t move around too much but still able to move
  • has blood and fat
  • VERY SPECIFIC TO JEJUNUM AND SI
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10
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

surrounds the transverse colon (fxn is the same as mesentery)

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11
Q

What is the sigmoid mesoclon?

A

surounds the sigmoid colon (fxn is the same as mesentery)

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12
Q

What is the omentum?

A
  • double sheet of the peritoneum
  • greater omentum
  • lesser omentum
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13
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A
  • hangs off the GREATER CURVATURE & TRANSVERSE COLON
  • attaches to stomach (like an apron)
  • has fat, BV, lymphatic
  • can migrate to help isolate infxn in the stomach
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14
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

-attaches to LESSER CURVATURE & PROXIMAL DUODENUM

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15
Q

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

-connects to first part of SI and liver

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16
Q

What is the hepatogastric ligament?

A

-connects to stomach and liver

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17
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A
  • compartment between stomach and posterior abdominal wall
  • omental foramen
  • infxn can’t get out so it can start growing here
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18
Q

What is the omental foramen?

A
  • Anterior: portal triad
  • Posterior: IVC, right crus of the diaphragm (leg like piece of the lumbar vertebrae)
  • Superior: caudate lobe of the liver
  • Inferior: duodenum and portal triad
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19
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • duodenum
  • ascending/ descending colon
  • pancreas
  • kidneys
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20
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A
  • behind peritoneum

- anterior surface covered in peritoneum: they are NOT enclosed in the peritoneum

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21
Q

What is a hiatal hernias?

A

-part of the stomach and esophagus that comes up and gets pinched

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22
Q

What does the stomach do?

A
  • mechanical churning
  • secretes hydorcloric acid
    • pH 1-3 –> burns your esophagus when you throw up
  • peptide digestion starts here
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23
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • cardiac region
  • fundus
  • body
  • pyloris
  • greater curvature
  • lesser curvature
  • rugae
  • pyloric sphincter
24
Q

What is rugae?

Study These Flashcards
A

-relaxes whens stomach is empty, distends when stomach is full

25
What is the pyloric sphincter?
- rings of muscles | - regulates passage from the stomach to the small intestine
26
What is pyloric stenosis?
- congenital defect - narrowing of the pyloric sphincter - causes babies to vomit b/c it can't get out rectally
27
What is small intestine?
- dudoenum, jejunum, ileum - most digestion occurs here - region of alkaline hydrolysis, absorption, and transportation
28
What is the ampulla of vater?
exocrine secretion of the pancreas enter the SI here
29
What is the duodenum?
- retropertineal | - pancreas head sits in the duodenum
30
What is the jejunum?
- intrapertineal | - long straight arteries w/ one tier of arcade
31
What is the ileum?
- longest portion of the SI - intraperitoneal - short arteries w/ many tiers of arcade
32
What is the large intestine?
- teniae cli - haustrum - omental appendices
33
What is the teniae coli?
-longitudinal lines that run along descending, transverse, and ascending colon
34
What is the ahstura
outpocking of the colon
35
What is the omental appendices?
fat cpoushes
36
What is the ileocecal valve?
food fromthe small intestine to the large intestine?
37
What is the ascending colon?
retroperinteal
38
What is the transverse colon?
intraperitoneal
39
What it he descending colon?
retroperitneal
40
What is the cecum?
intraperitoneal
41
What is the sigmoid colon?
intraperitonea
42
What is the colon's job?
water reabsorption cocurs
43
What is diverticulosis/diverticulitis?
- outpouchings that looks like blisters | - food can get caught into the outpouchings that can be very painful
44
What is the rectum?
- sigmoid colon empties into the rectum - pelvic organ: false pelvis - pectinate/dentate line: blood supply and nerve supply is different from above and below the line
45
Above the pectinate line: artery?
superior rectal artery that comes from the inferior mesenteric artery
46
Above the pectinate line: venous?
superior rectal vein --> inferior mesenteric vein --> splenic vein --> hepatic portal vein (liver for processing)
47
Above the pectinate line: nerve?
- parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnics | - sympathetic: superior hypogastric plexus
48
Below the pectinate line: artery?
inferior rectal artery from internal pudendal
49
Below the pectinate line: venous?
inferior rectal vein --> internal pudendal vein --> internal iliac vein --> common iliac vein --> IVC
50
What are hemorrhoids?
- prolapse of the rectal plexus veins - internal or external - pregnancy, constipation, increased intrabdominal pressure
51
What are the accessory organs of digestion?
- liver - gall bladder - pancreas
52
What is the liver?
- makes bile - detoxifies blood (takes care of drugs in the body) - Processes nutrients (glucose --> glycogen; amino acids --> plasma proteins) - stores fat-soluble, vitamins - removes debris - almost all covered by the ribs
53
What is the coronary ligament (liver)?
visceral peritoneum that is attached to live rand diaphragm
54
What is the bare area of the liver?
- NO visceral peritoneum | - direct contact w/ diaphragm
55
What is the falciform ligament (liver)?
- attached to anterior abdominal wall | - in between left and right lobes of liver
56
What is the ligamentum teres (liver)?
-was the umbilical vein -Posterior: caudate (higher) Quadrate lobe: inferior and smaller (next to gall bladder)

Anatomy (11 decks)

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