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Anatomy exam 5 > eye and ear development > Flashcards

eye and ear development Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

the cornea is continuous with

A

the sclera

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2
Q

what is just deep to the sclera

A

the choroid(Vascular) then retina

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3
Q

what is deep to cornea

A

aqueous humor, iris, lens (with supspensory ligament)

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4
Q

when does the eye first appear

A

at 22 days

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5
Q

how is the eye first seen

A

as optic grooves on the side of the forebrain

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6
Q

The neural tube closes and grooves form out-pocketing known as what for the eye

A

optic vesicles

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7
Q

how does lens induction begin

A

when vesicles contact the surface ectoderm

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8
Q

when the vesicles contact the surface ectoderm, what doe they do

A

invaginate and the double walled optic cup forms

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9
Q

Cells of the surface ectoderm, in contact with the optic vesicle elongate to form what

A

lens placode

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10
Q

what does the lens placode develop into

A

the lens vesicle

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11
Q

what eventually happens to the lens placode

A

looses contact with the surface ectoderm and rests in the mouth of the optic cup

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12
Q

what separates the layers of the optic cup intially

A

intraretinal space

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13
Q

what eventually happens to the intraretinal space

A

quickly disappears and the two lays appose each other

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14
Q

what does the invagination of the inferior aspect of the optic cup form

A

choroid fissue

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15
Q

what allows the hyaloid artery to reach the inner chamber of the eye

A

Choroid fissure

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16
Q

what forms the future pupil

A

edges of the choroid fissure fuse and optic cup mouth becomes a round opening

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17
Q

failure of the retinal fissure to close in the 7th week leads to

A

Coloboma, key hole appearance of the iris

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18
Q

what later of the optic cup is the retinal pigment layer

A

the outer layer of the optic cup

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19
Q

layers of the neural layer f the retina

A

Pars optica retinae
Mantle layer
axons from neurons of deeper layers to collect on retinal surface in a fiber layer

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20
Q

what makes up the pars optica retinae

A

rods and cones

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21
Q

what makes up the mantle layer of the retina

A

generates neurons and glia of outer and inner nuclear layers and ganglion layer

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22
Q

what forms the optic stalk and optic nerve

A

Axons retinol ganglion cells converging

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23
Q

the anterior fifth of the inner layer of the eye consists of

A

Iris & Ciliary Body

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24
Q

the anterior 1/5 of inner layer divides into 2 separate parts with roles:

A

to form the inner layer of the iris

to help to form the ciliary body

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25
the region betwen the optic cup and the overlying surface epithelium contains ___ that forms ____
mesenchym | sphincter and dilatory pupillae muscles
26
what happens to the pars ciliaris retinae
becomes infolded
27
what covers the outside of the pars ciliaris retinae
mesenchym that forms ciliary muscle to control lens curvature
28
what covers the inside of the parts ciliaris retinae to connect to the lens
elastic fibers known as suspensory ligaments or zonula
29
what happens to lens vesicle due to elongation of cells of the posterior wall
these cells elongate anteriorly and form long fibers that will fill the lumen of the vesicle
30
when do the primary lens fibers reach the anterior wall of the lens
7th week
31
what surrounds the eye during the 5th wek
loose mesenchyme with 2 layers
32
the inner layer of the loose mesenchyme that surrounds the eye
like pia, ultimately forms the choroid, that is vascular and pigmented
33
the outer layer of the loose mesenchym that surrounds the eye
dura, ultimately forms the sclera, that is continuous with the dura of optic nerve
34
what does the cornea come from
the anterior mesenchyme
35
the anterior chamber forms b/c
vacuolization of mesenchyme into 2 layers
36
the anterior portion of mesenchyme that forms the inner layer that is in front of the lens and iris
the iridopupillary membrane
37
what happens to the iridopupillary membran
ultimately disappears
38
the outer layer of the anterior mesenchyme of the eye forms
the substantia propria of the cornea
39
layers of the cornea
epithelial layer from surface ectoderm stroma, continuous with eclera epithelial layer, borders anterior chamber
40
what fills the anterior and posterior chambers
fluid, aqueous humor, ciliary processes of ciliary body
41
how do the anterior and posterior chamberes communicate with each other
through the pupil, from posterior to anterior,
42
why fluid flow from anterior and posterior chambers is important
provide nutrients for avascular cornea and lens
43
where does fluid pass after the anterior chamber
passes through canal of schlemm at iridocorneal angle
44
blockage at the canal of schlemm leads to
glaucoma
45
formation of the hyloid vessels
mesenchym surrounds the eye primordium and invades the optic cup via chroid fissure
46
role of th hyloid vessels
support lens in utero and forms a vascular layer on the inner retina
47
what forms the fine network of fibers between the lens and retina
the invading mesenchym
48
how the vitreous body is formed
interstitial spaces fill with gelatinous material
49
what connects the brain to the optic cup
the optic stalk
50
where is the choroid fissure found
on the ventral surface of the optic stalk
51
the choroid fissure contains
hyaloid vessels
52
where do retinal nerve fibers going into the brain lie in the optic stalk
along the inner wall
53
when does the choroid fissure close
7th week
54
closing of the choroid fissure leads to
formation of a tunnel in the optic stalk nerve fibers add in outer walls of stalk fuse
55
the optic stalk becomes
the optic nerve
56
the central artery of the retina
hyaloid artery
57
3 parts of the ear
external=collect sound middle= conduct sound inner= converts sound waves and detects changes in equilibrium to convert them to nerve impulses
58
organ of corti
found in the cochlea to determine sound
59
cristae
found in the semicircular ducts to detect angular acceleration
60
maculae
found in the utricle and Saccule to detect linear acceleration
61
when does the otic placode appear
22 days
62
thickening of surface ectoderm on each side of the rhombencephalon
Otic placode
63
how is the internal ear formed
the otic placode invaginates to form otic or auditory vesicles
64
what does each otic vesicle develop into
Ventral component | Dorsal component
65
the ventral component of the otic Vesicle develops into
the saccule and cochlear duct
66
the dorsal component of the otic Vesicle develops into
the Utricle, semicircular canals, endolymphatic duct
67
when does the saccule form a tubular outpocketing to make the cochlear duct
week 6
68
travel of the cochlear duct
penetrates mesenchym and spirals 2.5 turns, still connected to the saccule by the ductus reuniens
69
the mesenchyme that surrounds the cochlear duct differentiates into
cartilage
70
what happens to the cartilage of the inner ear
becomes vacuolated and perilymphatic spaces arise, forming the scala vestibuli and scala tympani
71
what separates the cochlear duct and scala vestibuli
Vestibular membrane
72
what separates the cochlear duct and scala tympani
basilar membrane
73
what supports medial cochlear duct
modiolus
74
the modiolus the supports the medial cochlear duct becomes
the axis of the future bony cochlea
75
epithelial cells of the cochlear ducts are what initially and change into water later
uniform initially, 2 ridges later
76
the outer ridge of the cochlear duct forms
1 row of inner and 3 rows of outer hair cells
77
what covers the hair cells
tectorial membrane
78
gelatinous material attached to spiral limbus and rests on top of hair cells
tectorial membrane
79
what are hair cells and tectorial membrane together known as
organ of corti
80
how are impulses from the organ of corti sent out
to sprial ganglion and then brain via CNVIII
81
what do the semicircular cancals appear out of
out pocketing of the utricle
82
when do semicircular canals appear
week 6
83
what happens to the ends of each semicircular canal
one end dialates (crus ampullare) , the other does not (Crus nonampullare)0
84
ampullae cells form a crest called for angular acceleration
the crista ampullaris
85
what develops in the walls of the utricle and saccule for linear acceleration
Macule acusticae
86
how are impulse in cristae and maculae, body position carried to brain
CNVIII
87
what does the tympanic cavity come from
endoderm from 1st pharyngeal pouch
88
how is the primitive tympanic cavity formed
pouch expands | distal aspect becomes tubotympanic recess, which widens
89
the proximal pouch of 1st pharyngeal pouch becomes
the auditory tube
90
incus and malleus form from
cartilage of 1st pharyngeal arch
91
the stapes is derived from
cartilage of 2nd pharyngeal arch
92
when do the ossicles no longer become embedded in mesenchyme
end of 8th month, when surrounding tissue involutes
93
what extends into the space left by the surronding tissues of the ossicles involution
endodermal epithelial lining of the primitive tympanic cavity extends into said space
94
how are the ossicles connected to the wall once completely free of surrounding mesenchyme
endodermal lining connects them to wall of cavity via ligaments
95
the external auditory meatus forms from
dorsal portion of 1st pharyngeal cleft
96
how is the external auditory meatus formed
cells at bottom of meatus proliferation, forming a solid epithelial plate and meatal plug
97
how is the eardrum formed
the meatal plug dissolves and the epithelium in floor of meatus add to it
98
what happens if meatal plug persists
cogenital deafness
99
the external ear develops from
6 mesenchymal proliferations at the dorsal end of the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches, surrounding 1st clept
100
the auricle is formed from
neural crest
101
what fuses to form the auricle
3 hilocks on each side of the meatus
102
are auricle abnormalities common
yes, b/c complication
103
travel of ear
starts in lower neck, ascends as mandible develops, top of ear should be at eye level
104
absent external ear
anotia
105
small ear
microtia

Anatomy exam 5 (18 decks)

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