pharynx

Question 1

what connects the nasopharynx with the nasal cavities

Answer 1

Choanae

Question 2

boundries of the nasopharynx

Answer 2

base of the sphenoid bone to the top of the soft palate

Question 3

boudnries of the oropharynx

Answer 3

base of soft palate to the epiglottis

Question 4

laryngopharynx boundries

Answer 4

epiglottis to the inferior extent of the cricoid cartilage (base of C6

Question 5

midline attachment of the pharynx

Answer 5

the pharyngeal tubercle

Question 6

pharynx relation to the cartilaginous position of the pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 6

inferior to it

Question 7

the lateral attachment of the pharynx

Answer 7

pterygomandibular raphe and the medial plate of the pterygoid process and the pterygoid hamulus
hyoid bone
oblique line of the thyoroid cartlage
Cricoid cartilage

Question 8

why not attach the pharynx to the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 8

this would inhibit the function of the muscle

Question 9

what is right behind the pharynx

Answer 9

the buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 10

space right behind the pharynx

Answer 10

retropharyngeal space

Question 11

location of the auditory (eustachian or pharyngotympanic) tube orifice in relation to inferior concha

Answer 11

tube is behind the inferior concha

Question 12

location of the torus tubarius in relation to auditory tube

Answer 12

posterior to auditory tube oriface

Question 13

location of the pharyngeal recess in relation to torus tubarius

Answer 13

posterior to torus tubarius

Question 14

the groove along the lateral pharyngeal wall

Answer 14

pharyngeal recess

Question 15

location of pharyngeal tonsil to torus tubarius

Answer 15

postero superior

Question 16

the mucous membrane covering the salpingopharyngeus muscle

Answer 16

salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 17

strucutres of the nasopharynx

Answer 17

auditory (eustachian or pharyngotympanic) tube orifice
torus tubarius
Pharyngeal recess
pharyngeal tonsil
Salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 18

epithelium of nasopharynx

Answer 18

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium) with golbelts

Question 19

pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 19

superior pharyngeal constrcitor
middle pharyngeal constrictor
inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 20

cartilage that supports the pharyngeal tympanic tube(just superior and posterior)

Answer 20

torus tubarius

Question 21

what constricts to open the auditory tube

Answer 21

tensor veli palatini

Question 22

2nd arch of the orophaynx

Answer 22

palatopharyngeal fold

Question 23

tongue as part of the oropharynx

Answer 23

posterior part with the lingual tonsil

Question 24

fold of mucosa at the very base of the tongue, used as a resevor as spit

Answer 24

volecula

Question 25

strucutres of the oropharynx

Answer 25

palatoglossus | palatopharyngeus

Question 26

roll of the palatopharyngeal sphincter

Answer 26

closes around the valve formed by the soft palate to seal the superior extend of the oralpharynx

Question 27

roll of the laryngopharynx

Answer 27

route air and food into trachea and eosphagus

Question 28

the opening after the epiglottis to the larynx

Answer 28

the laryngeal inlet

Question 29

function of the larynx

Answer 29

phonation regulate size of opening between the vocal folds breathing (prevent foreign bodies from entering airway acts as a sphincter

Question 30

the area lateral to the larynx where the volecular drains

Answer 30

the pyriform fossa

Question 31

structures of the laryngopharynx

Answer 31

``` Epiglottis Laryngeal cartilages Piriform recess Internal laryngeal n superior laryngeal vessels recurrent laryngeal n inferior laryngeal vessels ```

Question 32

where does the piriofrm recess extend laterally

Answer 32

to the thyroid cartilage

Question 33

the internal laryngeal n descends beneath what

Answer 33

a mucous membrane

Question 34

what do thesuperior laryngeal vessels run with

Answer 34

internal laryngeal n

Question 35

where does the recurrent laryngeal n ascend

Answer 35

beneath mucous membrane

Question 36

the inferior laryngeal vessels run with

Answer 36

recurent laryngeal n

Question 37

what pierces the thyrohyoid mebrane

Answer 37

internal laryngeal n and superior laryngeal artery

Question 38

what cranial nerve gives the laryngeal nn

Answer 38

CN X

Question 39

main job of external laryngeal nerve

Answer 39

innervate cricothryoid

Question 40

what loops under the subclavian artery

Answer 40

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 41

what does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve bceome near the cricothyroid

Answer 41

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 42

superior laryngeal artery branches from

Answer 42

superior thryoid a from the internal carotid a

Question 43

inferior laryngeal artery branches from

Answer 43

inferior thyroid a from thyrocervical a from teh subclavian a

Question 44

pharyngeal muscularture superior to inferior

Answer 44

superior, middle, inferior constrictor m cricopharyngeal m longitudinal esophageal m

Question 45

what anchors the pharyngeal constrictor muscles in the middline

Answer 45

pharyngeal tubercle and raphe

Question 46

pharyngeal elevators

Answer 46

salpingopharyngeus m palatopharyngeus m stylopharyngeus m (all come together inferior)

Question 47

why need pharyngeal elevators

Answer 47

give more tube for peristollosis (move food down)

Question 48

what travels with the stylopharyngeus muscle to supply it

Answer 48

CN IX

Question 49

what does the superior constrictor attach to laterally

Answer 49

medial plate of pterygoid pterygoid hamulus pterygomandibular raphe

Question 50

what does the middle cosntrictor attach to laterall

Answer 50

stylophyoid ligmanet | hyoid bone

Question 51

what does the inferior constrictor attach to laterally

Answer 51

oblique line | cricoid cartilage

Question 52

what passes through the superior and middle constrictor m

Answer 52

stylopharyngeus m

Question 53

gaps in the pharyngeal wall

Answer 53

pharyngeal fascia (superior anchioring) thyrohyoid membrane oropharyngeal triangle

Question 54

how does the hypoglossal nerve get into the oral cavity

Answer 54

the oropharyngeal triangle

Question 55

what serves the pharyngeal plexus

Answer 55

``` superior cervical ganglion (sympa nn) CN X (motor to pharyngeal mm) CN IX (motor to stylopharyngeus and sensory to pharynx) ```

Question 56

what gives sensation to pharynx

Answer 56

Nasopharynx: V2 Oropharynx: IX LAryngopharynx: X

Question 57

pharynx predominantly drains into

Answer 57

internal jugular via the pharyngeal venous plexus

Question 58

arteries that serve the pharynx

Answer 58

``` External carotid pharyngeal branch of maxillary arter maxillary artery ascending palatine artery tonsilary brnach of facial facial artery lingual artery ascending pharyngeal artery ```

Question 59

loss of motor nn to pharynx leads to

Answer 59

marked dysphagia (difficulty swallowing

Question 60

loss of sensation n to pharynx leads to

Answer 60

loss of gag reflex

Question 61

large pharynegal tonsils

Answer 61

adenoids

Question 62

problems with large adenoids

Answer 62

obstruct air flow mouth breathing needed impinge upon torus turbarius and auditory tube orifice obstructs air exchange between nasopharynx and middle ear

Question 63

where can accidentally swollowed objects get trapped

Answer 63

in the piriform recess

Question 64

why caughing and choking if things get caught in the piriform recess

Answer 64

stimulation of interal in recurrent laryngeal nn

Question 65

sharp objects in piriform recess leads to

Answer 65

pierceing of mucosa causing infection, injuring underlying nn and vessels