development of face and nose

Question 1

time ranges for development of the face, nose, and palate

Answer 1

4-10 weeks

Question 2

Facial development at week 4

Answer 2

pharyngeal arches appear
Formation of maxillary and mandibular processes
Buccopharyngeal membrane breaks down

Question 3

the primitive mouth, the opening in the center of the developing facial primordia

Answer 3

stymodium

Question 4

facial development during weeks 5-6

Answer 4

Nasal placode invaginates to form nasal pit
creation of medial and lateral nasal processes
nasal pits deepen to form nasal cavity

Question 5

facial development during week 7

Answer 5

Facial swelling fuse to create the rudiment of the face

secondary palate is formed

Question 6

facial development duing week 10

Answer 6

fetal development
Cranium expands
ears move superior
eyes move medial
nose becomes prominent
facial proportions normalize (teeth and paranasal sinuses)

Question 7

what do the 5 facial primordia develop as

Answer 7

bulging prominences around the stomodeum

Question 8

location of the frontonasal prominence

Answer 8

rostral to stomodeum

Question 9

location of the maxillary prominences

Answer 9

lateral to stomodeum

Question 10

location of the mandiular prominences

Answer 10

caudal to stomodeum

Question 11

when do most facial features become established

Answer 11

weeks 4-8

Question 12

why does the cranium begin to expand

Answer 12

to accompany the growing brain

Question 13

how does cranial expansion affect the eyes

Answer 13

begin to shift anteriorly and medially

Question 14

travel of the ears

Answer 14

move superiorly

Question 15

how does the facial skeleton compare in size to the rest of the skull at first

Answer 15

appears small

Question 16

what allows for the facial skeleton to become normal sized in comparison to the rest of the cranium

Answer 16

maxilla and mandible grow to allow space for teeth

acquisition of paranasal sinuses

Question 17

the 2 ectodermal thickenings formed at the end of week for that develop within the frontonasal prominence

Answer 17

nasal placodes

Question 18

what forms the elevations of the nose

Answer 18

mesenchyme surrounding the placodes proliferate

Question 19

what are the nasal prominences

Answer 19

2 medial nasal prominences

2 lateral nasal prominences

Question 20

A specific thickening of the ectoderm

Answer 20

Placode

Question 21

how the nasal pit is formed

Answer 21

the nasal placode thickens then invaginates

Question 22

what happens to the medial nasal prominences

Answer 22

eventually fuse and develop into recognizable structures

Question 23

when does the first ossification centers form

Answer 23

about 10 weeks into development

Question 24

when nasal pits become prominent

Answer 24

week 5

Question 25

how are the nasal pits formed

Answer 25

epithelium of nasal placodes sink down into underlying mesenchym to form depressions

Question 26

what forms the future nostrils (nares)

Answer 26

nasal pits

Question 27

what aids in the sinking appearance of the nasal pits

Answer 27

surrounding elevations of the nasal prominences

Question 28

NAsal sacs will form what

Answer 28

Right and Left nasal cavities

Question 29

what separates nasal cavities from the oral cavity

Answer 29

Oronasal membrane

Question 30

when does the oronasal membrane rupture

Answer 30

at the end of week 6

Question 31

what allows the nasal and oral cavities to communicate with one another

Answer 31

primordial choanae

Question 32

what embryonic germ layer forms the nasal cavity

Answer 32

Ectoderm

Question 33

where is the primordial choanae

Answer 33

posterior to the primary palate

Question 34

what does development of the secondary palate establish

Answer 34

the definitive choanae

Question 35

the definitive choanae separates

Answer 35

nasal cavities from the nasopharynx

Question 36

while the nasal cavities develop, what also develops

Answer 36

the olfactory epithelium

Question 37

what does the nasal conchae develop from

Answer 37

lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Question 38

does the connection between the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulk form before or after the the ossification of the skull

Answer 38

before the skull becomes ossified

Question 39

whitch prominence fuses first at the midline

Answer 39

the mandibular prominence (day 28)

Question 40

travel/growth of the maxillary prominence after the fusion of the mandibular prominence

Answer 40

grows, moves medially, compressing medial nasal prominences in the midline

Question 41

The cleft between the lateral nasal prominences and the maxillary prominences

Answer 41

nasolacrimal groove

Question 42

when is the nasolacrimal groove lost

Answer 42

when the lateral nasal prominences fuse with the maxillary prominences

Question 43

how is the nasolacrimal duct formed

Answer 43

ectoderm proliferates into underlying mesenchym and forms a solid rod that separates from surface and canalizes

Question 44

what forms the nasolacrimal sac

Answer 44

the dilation of the superior end of the nasolacrimal duct

Question 45

where does the nasolacrimal duct open to

Answer 45

inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

Question 46

what forms the intermaxillary segment

Answer 46

the fusion of the 2 medial nasal prominences

Question 47

The intermaxillary segment ultimately forms:

Answer 47

philtrum of upper lip Premxaillary part of maxilla Primary palate

Question 48

the most anterior portion of the hard palate

Answer 48

primary palate

Question 49

what does the premaxillary part of maxilla give rise to

Answer 49

4 incisors and associated gingiva

Question 50

fusion of the palate travel

Answer 50

starts anterior and goes posterior

Question 51

what makes up the secondary palate

Answer 51

remainder of hard palate + soft palate + uvula

Question 52

formation of the secondary palate

Answer 52

two plates of mesenchym called the lateral palatine processes extend medially from the maxillary prominences project inferiomedially, swing up to assume horizontal position, fuse with each other and primary palate and nasal septum

Question 53

why does the secondary palate form inferiorly then move posteriorly

Answer 53

the tongue is in the way originally, but as the oral cavity grows, the tongue can move down, out of the way for the lateral palatine processes to fuse together at the midline

Question 54

what problems occure if you have a small mouth

Answer 54

tongue can't get out of the way so often have secondary palate problems

Question 55

what marks where the secondary palate fuses with the primary palate

Answer 55

incisive foramen

Question 56

what defects are indicated using the incisive foramen

Answer 56

anterior and posterior palatal defects

Question 57

what marks where the lateral palatine processes fuse together

Answer 57

median palatine raphe

Question 58

what forms the hard palate

Answer 58

the primary palate and the anterior portion of the secondary palate

Question 59

what forms the soft palate and uvula

Answer 59

the posterior portion of the secondary palate that fails to ossify

Question 60

an anterior palatal defect caused by a failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse with maxillary prominences on 1 or both sides

Answer 60

Cleft lip (may or man not have cleft palate too)

Question 61

failure of the maxillary prominence on one side to fuse with merged medial nasal prominences

Answer 61

Unilateral cleft lip and palate

Question 62

Failure of maxillary prominences on both side to fuse with merged medial nasal prominences

Answer 62

Bilaterial cleft lip & palate

Question 63

Separation of the secondary palate all the way to the bifid uvula is a result of

Answer 63

small mouth, tongue doesn't get out of the way