skull face and scalp Flashcards
1
Q
the viscerocranium protects
A
facial bones to protect airway
2
Q
the importance of the pteryon
A
easily broken because middle meningeal artery is there
3
Q
foramen that line up on the skull
A
mental, supraorbital, infraoribital
4
Q
bones of the face
A
nasal (2) Maxilla (2) Zygomatic (2) Mandible Lacrimal (2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae (2) Palatine (2)
5
Q
teeth processes for maxilla and mandible
A
alveolar processes
6
Q
foramen of the mandible
A
mental foramen
7
Q
foramen of the maxillae
A
infraorbital foramina
8
Q
the valley between the condyl and the coronoid process of the mandible
A
mandibular notch
9
Q
opening on the infernal surface of the ramus of the mandible
A
mandibular foramen
10
Q
what passes through the mandibular foramen
A
mandibular nerve and b.v.
11
Q
the grove that appears after the mandibular foramen
A
mylohyoid groove
12
Q
a small projection of bone on the posterior aspec of the mandible in the midline for attachment of the geniohyoid and genioglossus
A
mental spine
13
Q
boundries of the orbit
A
Frontal bone- roof zygonmatic bone- lat wall maxilla - floor and part of medial wall lacrimal and ethmoid - medial wall sphenoid- posterior wall
14
Q
where is the supraoribital foramen
A
in the superciliary arch
15
Q
where is the optic canal
A
in the medial wall
16
Q
where is the superior orbital fissure
A
in the medial wall
17
Q
where is the inferior orbital fissure
A
in the floor
18
Q
the lacrimal groove communicates with what
A
the nasal cavity
19
Q
projection of the lat wall of the nasal cavity
A
nasal conchae
20
Q
what bone has the superior nasal conchae
A
ethmoid
21
Q
what bone has the middle nasal conchae
A
ethmoid
22
Q
what bone has the inferior nasal conchae
A
separate bones
23
Q
role of the paranasal sinuses
A
bone lightening
resonance to voice
24
Q
what lines paranasal sinuses
A
mucousal membranes
25
what are the paranasal sinuses continuous with
nasal cavity
26
paranasal sinuses
frontal
ethmoid air cells
sphenoid
mmaxillary
27
amount of ethmoid paranasl sinuses
3-14
28
what nerve does the cribiform plate transmit
olfactory nerve (CNI)
29
what does the optic canal transmit
optic Nerve (CN II), ophthalmic a
30
what does the superior orbital fissure transmit
CN III, CN IV, CN VI, ophthalmic (CN V1)
31
what does the foramen rotundum transmit
maxillary n (CN V2)
32
what does the foramen ovale transmit
mandibular n (CN V3)
33
what does the foramen spinosum transmit
middle meningeal a
34
what does the foramen lacerum transmit
infernal carotid a
35
what does the jugular foramen transmit
internal jugular vein, CN IX, CN X, CN XI
36
what does the internal acoustic foramen transmit
CN VII, CN VIII
37
what does the stylomastoid foramen transmit
CN VII
38
what does the hypoglossal canal transmit
CN XII
39
what does foramen magnum transmit
Vertebral arteries, spinal cord and CN XI
40
what does the carotid canal transmit
internal carotid a
41
Scalp covers from
supraorbital rim of eye to external occipital protuberance
42
layers of the scalp
```
skin
connective tissue (Dense)
aponerotic layer
loose connective
pericranium
```
43
what fills the dense connective tissue layer of the scalp
nerves and vessels
44
a superficial wound to the dense connective tissue layer of scalp leads to
high bleeding that can cause death
45
deep wounds to apponeurosis layer leads to
a large gape
46
superfical temporal artery branches from
external carotid
47
posterior auricular artery branches from
external carotid
48
occiptial artery branches from
external carotid
49
supratrochlear and supraorbital branches from
opthalmic artery through the eye (branch of internal carotid
50
the danger space of the scalp
loose areolar tissue
51
why is the loose areolar tissue danger space
infections travel easily (into cranial cavity through emissary veins, through the calvaria to meninges
fluid can move anterior to eyelids and root of nose
52
how emmisary veins travel through the skull
caniculi
53
action of the occipitofrontalis m
moves scalp back and forward
54
action of the 3 auricularis mm
protract, elevate, & retract ears
55
what consists of the occipitofrontalis m
occipitalis m.
galea aponeurotica
frontalis m
56
muscles of facial expression attach to what eye
bone or fascia and insert on the skin
57
action of the muscles of facial expression
pull on skin
| surround orifices of the face (mouth, eyes, nose) to act as sphincters and dilators
58
action of frontalis
raise eyebrow
59
action of corrugator supercilii
draws eyebrow in
60
action of orbicularis oculi
close eye
61
the part of the orbicularis oculi that covers the eye lid
palpebral
62
action of procerus
wrinkles bridge of nose
63
action of nasalis
compresses and dilates nostril
64
action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
dilates nostril
65
action of the orbiceriorisularis oris
closes mouth
66
action of the levator labii supioris
elevate upper lip
67
action of zygomaticus major/minor
draws mouth up
68
action of depressor anguli oris
depresses angle of mouth
69
action of risorius
retract the corner of the mouth
70
action of mentalis
protrudes lower lip
71
action of buccinator
compresses cheek and assists with mastication
72
action of levator anguli oris
elevate angle of the mouth
73
action of depressor labii inferioris
depresses lower lip
74
deep muscles of the mouth
buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris
75
what covers buccinator
buccal fat pad
76
action of temporalis
elevate and retract mandible
77
action of masseter
elevate and clenches mandible
78
action of medial pterygoid
elevate, protract, and rotates mandible
79
action of lateral pterygoid
protrudes & rotates mandible; opens mouth
80
inferior lateral pterygoid head inserts between
superficial and deep medial pterygoid heads
81
what provides sensory to the face and scalp
trigeminal (CN V)
82
what provides sensory to the back head, ears, and jaw
cervical
83
what provides motor the muscles of facial expression
facial CN VII
84
what provides motor to the muscles of mastication
mandibular CN V3
85
what provides sensory innervation to jaws, ears, posterior scalp
cervical n (C2,3)
86
how far does the sensory from CN V1 go
all the way down the nose to the very tip, and superior to palpebral fissure
87
what separates CN V2 and CN V3
oral fissure
88
location of the parotid gland
anterior/inferior to ear
89
role of the parotid (Stensen's) Duct
transmits saliva from gland
90
travel of parotid (Stensen's) Duct
crosses masseter 1-2 cm below zygomatic arch
| turn 90 degrees to pierce buccinator m
91
where does the parotid (stensen's) duct open
into oral cavity opposite 2nd molar
| marked by elevated parotid papilla
92
calculus formation in the parotid gland is associated with
chronic parotiditis
93
most common gland to get calculus formation
submandibular
94
salivary fistulas of parotid gland result from
a duct like thing made due to surgery that usually close, but may not
95
what percentage of mixed tumors involve parotid
85-90%
96
Gustatory sweating
Frey's syndrom
97
b/c the facial n (CN VII) passes through the parotid gland, what dangers may occure
nerve in danger during parotidectomy
| must watch for branches when removing a tumor
98
Damage to facial nerve may result in
paralysis of facial mm on affected side
99
branches of the facial nerve
```
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical
posterior auricular
(To zandibar by motor car) (People)
```
100
where might the facial nerve b/c inflamed
at stylomastoid farmen
| Edema and compression of nerve in facial canal
101
the most common non-traumatic cause of facial paralysis
bell's palsy
102
location of the buccal fat pad
anterior of the masseter m
103
what does the buccal fat pad protect
parotid duct and CN VII (buccal branch)
104
the motor and sensory nerves of the buccinator muscle
Motor: buccal branch of CN VII
Sensory: Buccal branch of trigeminal nerve (long buccal nerve)
-to buccal mucosa and skin of cheek
105
the superficial temporal artery is a branch of
external carotid a
106
the superficial temporal vein drains to
retromandibular vein
107
travel of the superficial temporal artery and vein
anterior to ear to go to temporal region, through the parotid gland, traveling with the auriculotemporal n
108
transvers facial artery and vein branch off
superficial temporal vessesl
109
travel of the transverse facial artery and vein
cross masseter m between zygomatic arch and parotid duct
110
what does the transverse facial artery and vein supply
blood to upper cheek region (parotid gland, duct and masseter m)
111
relation of facial artery and vein to one another
artery is tortuous and anaterior to vein
112
travel of facial artery and vein
cross mandible at the anterior border of the massseter
113
what can be felt from the facial artery
pulse
114
branches of the facial artery and vein at the angle of the mouth
inferior and superior labial branches to the lips
| continue to medial angle of eye to angular artery and vein
115
what drains into internal jugular
```
superior thyroid
retromandibular
facial
angular
pterygoid plexus (deep temporal vv)
```
116
what drains into the external jugular vein
```
retromandibular v
occipital v
posterior auricular v
superficial temporal
maxillary
anterior jugular
pterygoid plexus
```
117
lymphatic drainage ipsa or contra lateral
ipsilateral
118
drainage of lymphatics of neck
medial to lateral
Inferiorly
superfical to deep
119
ultimately where do lymphatics drain
right lymphatic duct
| thoracic duct
120
lymph nodes of the mandibule
submental
submandibular
pre-auricular and parotid
121
top lymph node of the deep cervicals
jugulodigastric node (large)
122
most inferior node of the deep cervicals
jululo-omohyoid node
123
where deep cervical nodes are found
along the internal jugular vein
124
where nodes may cross midline if at all
submental
prelaryngeal
pretracheal
125
where may lymphatics flow inferior to superior in the neck
near the thyroid gland
